Posted by admin on Mar 1, 2014 in |
Pharmaceutical preparations having high water content face the problem of microbial spoilage which affects consumer safety. Control on such problem is generally done by the addition of a specific preservative to these pharmaceutical preparations, but sometimes some physical changes and clinical hazards are observed even after the addition of preservatives. The present study aimed to evaluate and compare the effectiveness of preservatives in market samples of antacids, cough syrups, and ophthalmic solutions through a microbial challenge test. The samples of antacids, cough syrups, and ophthalmic solutions were challenged with 3 bacterial, and 2 fungal strains and results were periodically (0, 7, 14 and 28 day) investigated. The number of surviving microorganisms were determined using standard microbiological dilution pour-plate technique. More than 1 log reduction of microbial counts were observed in all samples at 7 day. Moreover, the log reduction in microbial counts was significantly increased up to 28 day. Results showed that preservatives Sorbitol, Sodium Citrate, and Benzalkonium Chloride present in antacids, cough syrups, and ophthalmic solutions respectively were...
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Posted by admin on Mar 1, 2014 in |
Rhizome of Kaempferia galanga (Family: Zingiberaceae) has been investigated for isolation of secondary metabolites and evaluation of bioactivities. Two cinnamic acid derivatives, Ethyl p-methoxycinnamate (KG-2) and 4-methoxy cinnamic acid (KG-9) have been isolated from the chloroform fraction of the methanolic extract of the rhizome of K. galanga using chromatographic analysis. Structures of these compounds were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analysis and by comparing the data with the published one. In the carrageenan-induced paw edema test, at a dose of 400 mg/kg the methanolic extract, chloroform and n-hexane fraction showed a significant (p<0.05) inhibition of paw edema with 55.08, 48.85 and 71.88 % inhibition after a 2nd hour of the study period. In acetic- acid-induced writhing test, the chloroform and n-hexane extract at a dose of 400 mg/kg showed a significant (p<0.001) reduction in the number of writhes with38.19 and 62.31% writhing inhibition respectively. In hypoglycemic evaluation study by oral glucose tolerance test, all of the extracts at 200 mg/kg body weight inhibited the rise in blood glucose level. After...
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Posted by admin on Mar 1, 2014 in |
Equisetum arvense has a great medicinal value for its wound and burn healing properties. Traditionally, the plant is used by local people and Ayurvedic physicians mainly for its burn healing properties. The methanolic extract of Equisetum arvense was obtained by extraction. The present study focuses on the analysis of the methanol extract of Equisetum arvense by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. The phytocomponents of the methanol extract of Equisetum arvense were investigated by using Gas Chromatography-Mass spectrometry, while the mass spectra of the compounds found in the extract were matched with the National Institute of Standards and Technology Library. The study revealed the presence of six...
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Posted by admin on Feb 1, 2014 in |
Background: Ascophyllum nodosum has been used in oriental medicine to treat a variety of remedies, including some neurological disorders. Ascophyllum nodosum rich in phenolic antioxidant (rich in polyphenol) have been identified as major active component exhibiting antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects. The present study is to evaluate the neuroprotective effect of Ascophyllum nodosum on experimentally induced Global Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in mice. Material and Methods: Neuroprotective activity was carried out by global cerebral ischemia on Swiss albino mice by carotid artery occlusion for 17 min followed by 24 h reperfusion. Then after 24 h blood sample was collected by retro-orbital route and after that mouse was sacrificed by cervical dislocation under light area, the brain was removed for various biochemical analyses. Results: Ascophyllum nodosum hydroalcholic extract showed dose-dependent neuroprotective activity by a significant decrease in lipid peroxidation (LPO), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and serum nitrite level in extract treated the group as compared to the ischemia/reperfusion group. Cerebral infraction area was significantly reduced in extract treated groups as compared to...
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Posted by admin on Feb 1, 2014 in |
Objective: The present study was aimed to evaluate the antioxidant and hepatoprotective activity of methanolic extract of Origanum majorana aerial parts against CCl4 induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Materials and Methods: Wistar rats (150-200 g) were divided into five groups each group containing six rats. Group A treated as normal control receives 1% v/v tween-80, p.o for 14 days. Group B received 0.1ml/kg of CCl4 i.p for 10 days which is treated as an experimental control. Group C receives 100 mg/kg of silymarin for 14 days which is treated as standard. Group D and E treated as tests t1 and t2 which receives a methanolic extract of Origanum majorana aerial parts of 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg for 14 days respectively. Group C, D, and E were intoxicated with CCl4 (0.1ml/kg i.p) for 10 days 1 h before administration of silymarin and extract. Antioxidant effect of methanolic extract of Origanum majorana was also evaluated by in-vitro antioxidant parameters like hydroxyl and superoxide radicals scavenging activities. The hepatoprotective effect was evaluated...
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