Posted by admin on Mar 31, 2026 in |
The search for safer alternatives to synthetic neuroactive drugs has increased interest in medicinal spices with potential central nervous system (CNS) activity. Trachyspermum roxburghianum, a traditionally used aromatic spice, remains poorly explored for its neuropharmacological effects. This study evaluated the CNS depressant activity of the methanolic extract of T. roxburghianum seeds in mice. CNS depressant activity was assessed using forced swimming test (FST), tail suspension test (TST), and thiopental sodium-induced sleeping time assay in Swiss albino mice. The extract was administered orally at doses of 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg, while diazepam (1 mg/kg, i.p.) served as the reference standard. Acute oral toxicity was evaluated up to 2000 mg/kg. Qualitative phytochemical screening was performed, and statistical analysis was conducted using paired Student’s t-test (one-tailed). The extract produced a dose-dependent increase in immobility time in both FST and TST. In the thiopental-induced sleeping time test, the extract significantly reduced sleep onset latency and prolonged sleep duration at higher doses. Phytochemical analysis confirmed the presence of flavonoids, terpenoids, saponins, phenolics, tannins,...
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Posted by admin on Mar 31, 2026 in |
Inflammation is a protective biological response; however, its chronic manifestation is closely associated with the development of several pathological conditions. The limitations and adverse effects of existing anti-inflammatory drugs necessitate the search for safer and more effective alternatives. In the present study, a series of novel heterocyclic derivatives of 2-thiouracil were designed, synthesized, and evaluated for their in-vitro anti-inflammatory activity. Twelve Schiff base derivatives (6a–6l) were synthesized through sulfonylation, hydrazinyl substitution, and subsequent condensation with various substituted aromatic aldehydes. The synthesized compounds were characterized by melting point determination, elemental analysis, and physicochemical evaluation. In-vitro anti-inflammatory activity was assessed using inhibition of albumin denaturation and human red blood cell (HRBC) membrane stabilization assays, with aspirin serving as the reference standard. All tested compounds exhibited concentration-dependent anti-inflammatory activity. Among them, derivatives 6h and 6b demonstrated the most significant inhibition of protein denaturation and superior membrane stabilization activity, approaching the efficacy of aspirin at higher concentrations. Structure–activity relationship analysis suggested that electron-donating substituents and halogen substitution patterns play a crucial role in...
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Posted by admin on Feb 28, 2026 in |
People worldwide have long sought effective ways to alleviate pain, a major symptom of many clinical conditions. To achieve better pain control, there is a continuous need to discover new and effective therapeutic agents. Lime peels (Citrus aurantifolia) have been traditionally used to manage various ailments, including pain and infections, and have also been reported to protect several vital organs. Preliminary phytochemical screening and oral acute toxicity studies were conducted on Citrus aurantifolia peels extract (CAPE). No mortality was recorded during the acute toxicity study; therefore, the LD₅₀ of CAPE was estimated to be greater than 2000 mg/kg. In the acetic acid–induced writhing test, CAPE produced significant (p < 0.001) and non–dose-dependent inhibition of pain, with percentage reductions of 56.9%, 66.5%, and 64.9% at doses of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg, respectively. In the formalin-induced pain model, CAPE at 200 and 400 mg/kg significantly (p < 0.001) reduced paw-licking time in both the first and second phases. In addition, CAPE significantly increased latency time (area under the curve) and...
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Posted by admin on Feb 28, 2026 in |
The present study aimed to formulate and evaluate a polyherbal capsule using aqueous extracts of Vinca rosea, Curcuma longa, and Dalbergia sissoo. Plant materials were collected, authenticated, dried, and extracted using a traditional aqueous extraction method. Pre-formulation studies were conducted to assess powder flow properties, including bulk density, tapped density, Carr’s index, Hausner’s ratio, and angle of repose. Six formulations (PC1–PC6) were prepared by wet granulation and filled into size “0” hard gelatin capsules using a manual plate method. The capsules were evaluated for organoleptic characteristics, weight variation, disintegration time, moisture content, drug content, in-vitro dissolution, and stability under varying temperature and humidity conditions. Among all formulations, PC1 exhibited superior flow properties, uniform weight, rapid disintegration, and maximum drug release (94.77% at 30 minutes). Stability studies revealed good stability under ambient and moderately elevated temperatures, while degradation occurred at higher temperature and humidity. Overall, the results demonstrate that the developed polyherbal capsule is pharmaceutically acceptable, stable under recommended storage conditions, and holds promise for effective oral herbal...
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Posted by admin on Feb 28, 2026 in |
Vitex madiensis, consumed daily as a tea named Tikoni, is widely used in traditional medicine in Congo Brazzaville to treat fever, pain, inflammation, malaria, dysentery, female infertility, mental illness and epilepsy. Its aqueous leaf extract does not exhibit acute toxicity. Its pharmacological effects against pain, inflammation, insomnia, oxidative stress, and Plasmodium falciparum are very promising. The objective of this study was to investigate the subchronic toxicity of its aqueous extract at a dose of 200 mg/kg orally in Wistar rats over 42 days. Toxicity assessments were conducted on days 14, 28, and 42. The results show that the Tikoni tea aqueous extract does not significantly reduce body weight gain and the growth of certain vital organs. However, liver and lung weights in males, and liver and spleen weights in females, decreased significantly. This extract decreased platelet counts in both sexes and significantly increased leukocyte counts in males. ALT and ALP activities increased significantly in males, while in females, AST, ALT, and ALP activities decreased significantly, and blood glucose levels...
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