Posted by admin on May 31, 2026 in |
Background: For centuries, Feronia limonia (Wood Apple) and Aegle marmelos (Bael) have served as vital components of traditional medicine in the Indian subcontinent. Both members of the Rutaceae family are prized for their secondary metabolites, particularly flavonoids, which offer potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and cardioprotective benefits. Objective: This review provides a comparative evaluation of the botanical characteristics, phytochemical diversity, and flavonoid concentrations of these two species to determine their relative therapeutic potential. Methods: The study synthesizes existing quantitative data, focusing on extraction efficiencies across various solvents and the biosynthetic pathways Shikimic, Mevalonic, and Malonic acid responsible for their bioactive profiles. Results: Analysis reveals that Aegle marmelos exhibits superior phytochemical diversity and higher flavonoid abundance, with maximum reported values reaching 135.17 mg QE/g in fruit extracts. Comparatively, Feronia limonia shows a maximum of 35.25 mg QCE/g. Discrepancies in content are primarily driven by the plant part utilized, solvent polarity, and fruit maturity stages. Conclusion: While both plants are significant sources of bioactive markers, Aegle marmelos demonstrates a more robust flavonoid profile....
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Posted by admin on May 31, 2026 in |
Inflammation is a critical protective response that involves a complex network of inflammatory modulators, which coordinate the body’s detection, reaction to, and repair of tissue damage or infection. These modulators include cytokines, chemokines, adhesion molecules, lipid mediators, neuroimmune signals, and emerging regulators such as A3 adenosine receptors, formyl peptide receptors, CCN (cellular communication network) proteins, microRNAs, and the Nrf2 (Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2) pathway. These components work together to initiate and guide immune responses, ensuring effective tissue communication and resolution of inflammation. When functioning properly, inflammation supports healing, but when imbalanced or overactive, it can lead to chronic inflammatory diseases such as arthritis, cardiovascular disorders, autoimmune conditions, and metabolic dysfunction. Understand operate and interact has enabled the development of targeted therapies, including cytokine inhibitors and receptor specific drugs, to restore immune balance. Inflammatory modulators form an interconnected system that determines the intensity, duration, and outcome of inflammation, making them essential targets for improving treatments of chronic inflammatory...
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Posted by admin on May 31, 2026 in |
The National AIDS Control Programme (NACP) has been a cornerstone of India’s comprehensive, technology-driven strategy to address non-communicable diseases, maternal health, and mental health since the country’s independence. Phase V of NACP (2021–2026) seeks to eradicate HIV/AIDS as a public health threat by 2030 through a rights-based, inclusive approach, and this overview looks at how the NACP has changed and what impact it has had on the country’s public health. The paper addresses the pathogenesis, transmission, and treatment of HIV, highlighting India’s considerable epidemiological successes: a 49% reduction in new infections and an 80% fall in AIDS-related deaths between 2010 and 2026. Key to these breakthroughs is the merging of modern medical and digital advancements, including: Medical Breakthroughs: The creation of low-cost, generic versions of long-acting injectables like Lecavalier for pre-exposure prophylaxis (Prep). Digital Transformation: The implementation of the Strategic Information Management System (SIMS) for real-time tracking and the spread of telemedicine for antiretroviral medication (ART)...
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Posted by admin on May 15, 2026 in |
Liposomes are spherical vesicles with one or more concentric peel of phospholipid bilayers enclosing an aqueous core. Liposomes, which can be nontoxic or biodegradable, are a strong delivery system of tranches of drugs. Liposomes (or lipid vesicles) are a type of platform with different applications, for example as carriers that take drugs or other macromolecules into the bodies of humans and animals. The review covers traditional and advanced methods of liposomal preparation and stresses how these methods influence the marketability of liposomes. The review emphasises the need for research on properties of lecithin and modulators, which may improve the stability of liposomes. At present, liposomal vesicles are utilised to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of active compounds and to facilitate the controlled release of pharmaceuticals, thereby extending the biological half-life or diminishing the toxicity of the active ingredients. This paper looks at the latest changes in the way liposomal systems work, especially those that have happened in the last ten years. The procedures for system preparation, characterisation, and application are...
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Posted by admin on May 15, 2026 in |
Nanobots and smart drug delivery system is one of the radical convergences of nanotechnology and mainstream medicine with unprecedented precision, efficiency and control in therapeutic intervention. Conventional methods of delivering drugs are usually limited by low bioavailability, non-selective distribution, systemic toxicity and variable drug levels that can result in a low level of efficacy and side effects. Conversely, nanobots, engineered nanoscale systems, with the ability to navigate the biological world, and smart drug delivery systems, offer targeted, controlled, and stimuli-responsive therapeutic solutions, thereby overcoming most of these issues. Nanobots are usually made of biocompatible polymers, metals, lipids or hybrid composites and may be functionalised with ligands, antibodies or peptides to bind to a particular cellular or molecular target. It is a type of nanoscale machines that are developed to do complicated jobs, such as the delivery of drugs to target sites, biosensing, diagnostics, and even microsurgery. This is because their capacity to cross biological barriers, including the blood-brain barrier, and concentration at disease sites can result in site-directed drug...
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