Posted by admin on Jul 31, 2026 in |
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by persistent hyperglycemia arising from insulin resistance and progressive β-cell dysfunction. Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a heterotrimeric serine/threonine kinase and central cellular energy sensor, has emerged as an attractive pharmacological target because its activation enhances peripheral glucose uptake, suppresses hepatic gluconeogenesis, promotes fatty-acid oxidation, and improves insulin sensitivity. A growing body of phytochemical research indicates that numerous medicinal plants and their bioactive constituents lower blood glucose, at least in part, by engaging this pathway. This review synthesizes current evidence on herbal AMPK activators relevant to hyperglycemia, and a broader catalog of emerging phenolic and terpenoid activators. Mechanistic data from cell-based, animal, and clinical studies are summarized, molecular docking and structure–activity findings are reviewed, and translational challenges relating to bioavailability, nanoformulation, extract standardization, polyherbal synergy, herb–drug interactions, and mechanistic specificity are discussed in depth. Herbal AMPK activators represent a promising, multi-target complement to conventional antidiabetic therapy, warranting rigorously designed clinical trials to establish optimal dosing, efficacy, and long-term...
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Posted by admin on Jul 31, 2026 in |
Adenium obesum, commonly known as Desert Rose, belongs to the family Apocynaceae and is widely distributed in Africa and tropical regions. Traditionally valued as an ornamental and medicinal plant, it possesses diverse pharmacological properties attributed to its rich phytochemical composition, including alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, terpenoids, tannins, and phenolic compounds. Various studies have demonstrated its antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-arthritic, antidiabetic, anti-obesity, wound healing, anticancer, and trypanocidal activities. Different plant parts such as flowers, leaves, roots, stems, and bark have shown significant biological activities through in-vitro and in-vivo investigations. The pharmacological effects are strongly influenced by extraction methods and solvent polarity. This review summarizes the taxonomy, ethnomedicinal uses, phytochemistry, and major pharmacological activities of Adenium obesum, highlighting its therapeutic potential and future prospects in phytopharmaceutical...
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Posted by admin on Jul 31, 2026 in |
Aegle marmelos or bael fruit is an important source of traditional medicine and attracts much attention because of the different phytochemistry in its composition as well as many health benefits. This review focuses on phytochemicals in bael fruits and their potential effects on health management. Different bioactive compounds are present in the fruit including tannins, coumarins, alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, as well as unique chemicals such as marmelosin, aegeline, umbelliferon, skimmianine, and rutin. Phytochemical composition of the fruit varies according to fruit maturity: young fruits are rich in tannins and ripe fruits contain elevated levels of sugars and flavonoids. Antioxidant effect of bael fruit occurs owing to radical-scavenging capacity as well as stimulation of body’s defence mechanisms. Anti-inflammatory effect relates to pro-inflammatory mediator inhibition and reduction in cellular damage. Antidiabetic properties of the plant are characterized by a reduction in blood glucose level as well as insulin sensitivity. Moreover, the fruit demonstrates gastroprotective activity that confirms its long-term application for stomach disease treatment. Due to the presence of numerous phytochemicals...
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Posted by admin on Jul 31, 2026 in |
Bryophyllum pinnatum or Kalanchoe pinnata, commonly known as the air plant, life plant, or miracle leaf, belongs to the Crassulaceae family. Due to its strong nephroprotective (kidney-protecting) and anti-urolithiatic qualities, this prospective medicinal plant is widely used, especially for the treatment of kidney and gall bladder stones. A comprehensive review was conducted through an online study on websites such as Google Scholar, PubMed, ScienceDirect, ResearchGate, and Scopus. Previous studies have reported that Bryophyllum pinnatum contains alkaloids, glycosides, tannins, terpenoids, and flavonoids. This plant has demonstrated numerous pharmacological actions, including nephroprotective, hepatoprotective, antioxidant, immunomodulatory, antibacterial, anticancer, antidiabetic, memory-enhancing, cardioprotective, and gastroprotective effects. To provide a foundation for further research in the field of phytomedicine, this study investigated the phytochemical composition, pharmacological activity, and toxicity of Bryophyllum pinnatum...
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Posted by admin on Jul 31, 2026 in |
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a long-term systemic autoimmune disease marked by systemic problems, progressive joint deterioration, and persistent synovial inflammation. Environmental contaminants, asbestos and silica dust from the workplace, smoking, vitamin D insufficiency, and hormonal factors all contribute to oxidative stress and immunological activation, which in turn promotes autoimmunity and further RA. Despite better clinical results from Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), Disease-modifying antirheumatic medications (DMARD) and biologics, drawbacks such as side effects and long-term toxicity. As alternative therapy alternatives in the management of RA, herbal and phytopharmaceutical substances with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory qualities have thus drawn more attention. Furthermore, new approaches for the targeted and long-term distribution of synthetic and herbal medicines are provided by recent developments in innovative drug-delivery systems. This review summarizes the major RA pathogenesis, conventional therapies, natural therapies and emerging therapeutic delivery strategies aimed at improving efficacy and...
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