Posted by admin on Jan 31, 2025 in |
Essential oils are concentrated hydrophobic liquids containing volatile chemical components obtained from plants. They are well-known for their medicinal effects and numerous uses. This paper examines the pharmacognostic profiles of clove (Syzygium aromaticum), tulsi (Ocimum sanctum), and vetiver (Vetiveria zizanioides), highlighting their phytochemical composition, medicinal qualities, and pharmacological activity. Clove oil, high in eugenol, has been extensively studied for its antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic qualities, making it an important element in dental and topical formulations. Tulsi, regarded as a sacred plant in Ayurveda, produces an essential oil rich in eugenol, methyl eugenol, and beta-caryophyllene, which has adaptogenic, immunomodulatory, and anti-stress properties. Vetiver, also known as “khus,” generates an essential oil rich in sesquiterpenes such as khusimol and vetiverol, known for their relaxing, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. The pharmacognostic examination of these essential oils covers macroscopic and microscopic properties, phytochemical screening, and quality control measures. Their broad-spectrum antibacterial action and few side effects have positioned them as promising options in current therapies. Furthermore, the synergistic potential of these oils in...
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Posted by admin on Jan 31, 2025 in |
Paclitaxel, a potent anticancer agent, was first isolated from the bark of Taxus brevifolia in the 1960s and has since become a cornerstone in chemotherapy. Its anticancer efficacy stems from its ability to stabilize microtubules, preventing their disassembly, which inhibits mitosis and ultimately induces apoptosis in cancer cells. This mechanism of action makes paclitaxel particularly effective against a variety of cancers, including ovarian, breast, and non-small cell lung cancer. Despite its clinical success, the isolation of paclitaxel from the Taxus species is limited by low yields and environmental sustainability concerns, prompting the development of alternative synthetic routes. The synthesis of paclitaxel has posed significant challenges due to its complex structure, particularly the C-ring, which is pivotal for its biological activity. Over the years, total syntheses have been achieved using both chemical and semi-synthetic approaches, with the latter being more commercially viable. One notable method involves converting baccatin III, a compound found in Taxus, into paclitaxel via chemical modifications. Stability issues are another hurdle for paclitaxel’s therapeutic use, as its...
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Posted by admin on Jan 31, 2025 in |
Herbal therapy has been utilised for a very long time by ancient tribes and civilisations because it uses local herbs, which have less negative effects, to prevent and treat certain illnesses. The exotic plant Gliricidia sepium is a member of the Fabaceae family. Gliricidia’s generic name means “mouse killer” in Latin, referring to the usage of deadly seeds and bark as a rodenticide. In Gliricidia sepium, saponins, flavonoids, terpenes, tannins, glycosides, and volatile oils have been identified as important phytoconstituents from a variety of plant components, including leaves, flowers, fruits, stems, bark, seeds, and roots. Gliricidia sepium is said to possess antimicrobial and cytotoxic properties, thrombolytic activity, anti-bacterial activity, anti-inflammatory activity, anti-oxidant activity, wound healing, larvicidal activity, and anthelmintic activity, all of which are particularly significant in the medical sector. An overview of studies conducted on the plant Gliricidia sepium is presented in this article. It includes discussions on the taxonomy, classification, common names, vernacular names, description, distribution, phytochemicals, and pharmacological...
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Posted by admin on Jan 31, 2025 in |
GSTC is a polyherbal formulation comprising Commiphora mukul, Salacia reticulata, Terminalia arjuna, and Curcuma longa, developed to address atherosclerosis through multi-targeted mechanisms. Its phytochemical constituents include guggulsterones, mangiferin, arjunolic acid, and curcuminoids, each offering diverse pharmacological actions. Guggulsterones from C. mukul are recognized for their hypolipidemic and anti-inflammatory effects, while mangiferin and salacinol from S. reticulata provide antidiabetic, anti-obesity, and cholesterol-lowering benefits. T. arjuna contributes arjunolic acid and phytosterols, known for cardioprotective, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties. Curcuminoids and ar-turmerone from C. longa exhibit potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and hypolipidemic actions. Pharmacological studies demonstrate GSTC’s efficacy in reducing cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, and VLDL levels while elevating HDL in high-fat diet models. Its mechanisms include inhibition of lipid peroxidation, regulation of HMG-CoA reductase, and modulation of inflammatory pathways such as NF-κB and COX-2. The formulation also prevents fatty liver accumulation and enhances lipid metabolism, GSTC exhibits significant antioxidant activity and platelet peroxidation inhibition. GSTC’s unique composition and pharmacological profile suggest its potential as a safe and effective therapeutic agent for managing atherosclerosis...
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Posted by admin on Jan 31, 2025 in |
Adhatoda vasica (L.) Nees is a well-known medicinal plant in both Ayurvedic and Unani traditions, widely used for treating various health issues, especially respiratory tract disorders. Over the past two decades, numerous scientific studies have highlighted the oxytocic and abortifacient properties of vasicine, an alkaloid derived from the plant. This paper provides an overview of the most recent research on its phytochemical and pharmacological properties. The review emphasizes the diverse range of phytochemical compounds extracted from the Adhatoda vasica plant and it possesses various activities like anti allergic, anti-tubercular, immunomodulatory, anti-asthmatic, bronchodilator, hepatoprotective, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, anti-fungal, anthelmintic, thrombolytic activities. Various phytochemicals like alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, etc. were obtained from Adhatoda vasica (A. vasica). The active constituent of the plant is vasicine, l-vasicinone, deoxyvasicine, maiontone, vasicinolone and vasicinol etc. This review consists of updated information on the phyto-constituents isolated from A. vasica and their potential role in the treatment of various ailments traditionally and...
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