Posted by admin on Jul 31, 2026 in |
Background: Terminalia tomentosa Roxb. (Combretaceae), commonly known as the crocodile-bark tree, is a large deciduous tree whose stem bark occupies a prominent place in Ayurvedic, Siddha and folk medicine systems across India for the management of diarrhoea, bronchitis, fractures, haemorrhages and inflammatory conditions. Despite this long traditional use, the stem bark has not been subjected to a systematic pharmacognostic and physicochemical evaluation, leaving an important gap with respect to its authentication and quality control. Objective: The present study was undertaken to perform a comprehensive pharmacognostic and preliminary phytochemical standardisation of the stem bark of T. tomentosa, generating reference parameters for its identification and quality assessment. Methods: Authenticated stem bark collected from the Dandeli-Tinaighat forest Karnataka, was evaluated for organoleptic and morphological characteristics, transverse-section and powder microscopy and standard physicochemical parameters including moisture content, ash values, extractive values, fibre dimensions and foaming index. A 70% ethanolic extract was screened qualitatively for major phytoconstituents and quantitatively for total phenolic, flavonoid and tannin content using validated spectrophotometric assays referenced against gallic acid,...
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Posted by admin on Jul 31, 2026 in |
Aegle marmelos or bael fruit is an important source of traditional medicine and attracts much attention because of the different phytochemistry in its composition as well as many health benefits. This review focuses on phytochemicals in bael fruits and their potential effects on health management. Different bioactive compounds are present in the fruit including tannins, coumarins, alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, as well as unique chemicals such as marmelosin, aegeline, umbelliferon, skimmianine, and rutin. Phytochemical composition of the fruit varies according to fruit maturity: young fruits are rich in tannins and ripe fruits contain elevated levels of sugars and flavonoids. Antioxidant effect of bael fruit occurs owing to radical-scavenging capacity as well as stimulation of body’s defence mechanisms. Anti-inflammatory effect relates to pro-inflammatory mediator inhibition and reduction in cellular damage. Antidiabetic properties of the plant are characterized by a reduction in blood glucose level as well as insulin sensitivity. Moreover, the fruit demonstrates gastroprotective activity that confirms its long-term application for stomach disease treatment. Due to the presence of numerous phytochemicals...
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Posted by admin on Jul 31, 2026 in |
The present study was to investigate the analgesic and anthelmintic activities of ethanolic flower extract of Microcos paniculata, a member of the Malvaceae family. The analgesic activity was evaluated for its peripheral pharmacological activity using acetic acid induced writhing method in swiss albino mice at the doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight and displayed significant analgesic action in a dose dependent manner. In acetic acid writhing method, 400 mg/kg body .weight showed the most significant analgesic action with writhing inhibition of 74.46% where the standard drug Diclofenac-Na (25 mg/kg) showed 70% inhibition. Anthelmintic activity was screened against adult Bangladeshi earthworms (Pheretima posthuma). Three concentrations (25, 50 and 100 mg/ml) of plant extracts were tested in bioassay. Albendazole (10 mg/ml) is used as standard reference drug whereas distilled water is used as a control. The paralysis and death times and death time of the worms were recorded. Dose dependent activity was observed in the plant extract. This result suggests the extract possess potential analgesic and anthelmintic...
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Posted by admin on Jul 31, 2026 in |
Bryophyllum pinnatum or Kalanchoe pinnata, commonly known as the air plant, life plant, or miracle leaf, belongs to the Crassulaceae family. Due to its strong nephroprotective (kidney-protecting) and anti-urolithiatic qualities, this prospective medicinal plant is widely used, especially for the treatment of kidney and gall bladder stones. A comprehensive review was conducted through an online study on websites such as Google Scholar, PubMed, ScienceDirect, ResearchGate, and Scopus. Previous studies have reported that Bryophyllum pinnatum contains alkaloids, glycosides, tannins, terpenoids, and flavonoids. This plant has demonstrated numerous pharmacological actions, including nephroprotective, hepatoprotective, antioxidant, immunomodulatory, antibacterial, anticancer, antidiabetic, memory-enhancing, cardioprotective, and gastroprotective effects. To provide a foundation for further research in the field of phytomedicine, this study investigated the phytochemical composition, pharmacological activity, and toxicity of Bryophyllum pinnatum...
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Posted by admin on Jul 31, 2026 in |
The present study undertook a systematic, comprehensive pharmacognostical, phytochemical, and pharmacological investigation of Moringa oleifera leaves. The investigation was designed to address identified research gaps pertaining to the standardization, phytochemical characterization, and biological activity evaluation of this pharmacologically significant plant. Pharmacognostical characterization manifest reliable diagnostic markers for authentication of genuine Moringa oleifera leaf material. Physicochemical standardization parameters showed within published reference ranges. Preliminary phytochemical screening confirmed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, terpenoids, steroids, phenols, and glycosides. Total phenolic content (TPC) was highest in the methanol extract (MEMO: 31.6 ± 1.4 mg GAE/g) and total flavonoid content (TFC: 16.4 ± 0.8 mg QE/g). HPTLC fingerprinting of the methanol extract identified quercetin 3-O-glucoside (Rf 0.48), kaempferol glycoside (Rf 0.62), and chlorogenic acid (Rf 0.14) as major marker compounds. Antioxidant activity evaluated by DPPH (IC₅₀: 28.4 ± 2.2 μg/mL), ABTS (IC₅₀: 24.8 ± 1.9 μg/mL), and FRAP (1892.6 ± 94.8 μmol FeSO₄ equiv./g) assays was highest for MEMO. In-vitro anti-inflammatory activity was most potent for the ethyl acetate extract (EAEMO:...
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