PHYTOCHEMICALS OF AEGLE MARMELOS FRUIT AND THEIR POTENTIAL ROLE IN HEALTH REGULATION: A REVIEW

Aegle marmelos or bael fruit is an important source of traditional medicine and attracts much attention because of the different phytochemistry in its composition as well as many health benefits. This review focuses on phytochemicals in bael fruits and their potential effects on health management. Different bioactive compounds are present in the fruit including tannins, coumarins, alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, as well as unique chemicals such as marmelosin, aegeline, umbelliferon, skimmianine, and rutin. Phytochemical composition of the fruit varies according to fruit maturity: young fruits are rich in tannins and ripe fruits contain elevated levels of sugars and flavonoids. Antioxidant effect of bael fruit occurs owing to radical-scavenging capacity as well as stimulation of body’s defence mechanisms. Anti-inflammatory effect relates to pro-inflammatory mediator inhibition and reduction in cellular damage. Antidiabetic properties of the plant are characterized by a reduction in blood glucose level as well as insulin sensitivity. Moreover, the fruit demonstrates gastroprotective activity that confirms its long-term application for stomach disease treatment. Due to the presence of numerous phytochemicals in Aegle marmelos, its possible benefits as an herbal medicine can be exploited to promote good health as well as prevent the development of chronic diseases. The plant exhibits considerable prospects in terms of production of functional foods and nutraceuticals.