Posted by admin on Aug 1, 2014 in |
Nanosuspensions have the versatile potential for efficient exploitation of different drug delivery formulations and routes because of the properties provided by their small size. In the present study, curcumin extraction was carried out from Curcuma longa (crude curcuminoids) using soxhlet extraction method with ethanol as a solvent which gives a high yield. Formulations of nanosuspensions with the nanoprecipitation technique are made using polycaprolactone (PCL) as a polymer, with extracted natural curcumin, and with synthetic curcumin. A comparison is made for parameters such as product yield, drug content, drug entrapment efficiency and in-vitro studies between the formulation of nanosuspensions with naturally extracted curcumin and synthetic curcumin. Average particle size obtained ranging from 297.4 nm to 973.1 nm for different formulations with natural curcumin and 253.8 nm to 850.1 nm for different formulations with synthetic curcumin. Entrapment efficiency of nanosuspension ranged between 66.7% to 80.78% for natural curcumin and 68.78% to 80.86% for synthetic curcumin. Drug content ranged from 67.41% to 85.70% for formulation with natural drug and 68.27% to 83.27%...
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Posted by admin on Aug 1, 2014 in |
Qualitative phytochemical screening of C. sativa leaf, stem and root was studied. Four solvents viz; n-hexane, chloroform, alcohol and aqueous revealed the variation in phytochemicals presence and absence in all studied parts. Extracts of different solvents were subjected to qualitative phytochemical screening using a standard protocol. Results showed the maximum number of phytochemicals present in leaf followed by stem and root. They are as follows; steroids, fixed oil, resins, alkaloids, terpenoids, flavonoids, tannin, proteins, and amino acid, phenolics, glycosides, saponins. Variation in a number of phytochemicals also observed in different solvents...
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Posted by admin on Jul 26, 2014 in |
Plants are the sources for a large number of secondary metabolites. Spinacia oleraceae is a green leafy vegetable belonging to Chenopodiaceae family. It is having medicinal properties due to rich nutritional value and is extremely rich in antioxidants. Antioxidant property of the spinach is due to the presence of bioactive compounds. The present study aims to screen the phytochemicals of different extracts (aqueous, methanol, ethanol and chloroform extracts) of S.oleraceae leaves and quantification of the secondary metabolites. The study indicated the presence of carbohydrates, phenols, tannins, flavonoids, saponins, alkaloids, terpenoids, cardiac glycosides, and steroids. The quantification of bioactive compounds yields 45.24% of phenols, 27.34% of flavonoids, 23.05% of saponins and 4.82% of...
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Posted by admin on Jul 26, 2014 in |
Glutathione S-transferases are phase-II enzymes associated with detoxification and resistance to drugs and xenobiotics. The majority of human tumors and human tumor cell lines express significant amounts of alpha class Glutathione S-Transferase A1-1. Present study aimed to examine hGSTA1-1 interaction with some naturally occurring ligands using docking simulations. Docking simulation using Glutathione S-transferases A1-1 monomer without Glutathione conjugate was receptor against Glutathione, Ellagic acid, Lycopene, α-Tocopherol acetate, Quercetin, Ethacrynic acid, Caffeic acid, Porphyrin, Ferulic acid, Curcumin, Dithiothreitol, Cinnamic acid, Iodoacetamide, α-Tocopherol, Beta-mercaptoethanol showed that the majority ligands tested bound at sites bordering the enzyme subunit-subunit interface. Docking results showed that all the selected ligands docked satisfactorily to the hGSTA1-1 enzyme. Lycopene has a strong binding affinity (Binding energy:-10.68 kcal/mol; docking energy: -15.96 kcal/mol) with hGSTA1-1 amongst selected ligands and predicted as a strong inhibitor against hGSTA1-1. In contrast, investigations using hGSTA1-1 monomer revealed there are additional sites for Ethacrynic acid, Betamercaptoethanol and Glutathione binding rather than H-site as expected from X-ray crystallographic data. In conclusion, the docking simulations suggest...
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Posted by admin on Jul 26, 2014 in |
The effect of starvation on the digestive enzymes of female Holotrichia serrata (Fab) shows that there are considerable general reductions in enzymatic activities except in a lipase in both gut sections; however there are considerable increases of soluble proteins, both the gut section homogenates of the starved female. The maximum reduction of protease is 83% in a hindgut and 86% in the midgut followed by invertase which is 59% in a midgut and 50% in the hindgut and trehalose 62% hindgut and 51% in the midgut. The lipase is 80% reduction in a hindgut and 41% in the midgut in a starved female. In the starved female, Lipase showing the significant decrease in activity of 11% in a hindgut and 5% increase in the...
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