Posted by admin on Mar 31, 2026 in |
Alopecia areata (AA) is a chronic autoimmune disorder leading to non-scarring hair loss and affecting millions worldwide across all age groups. Despite extensive research, the precise molecular mechanisms remain incompletely understood, arising from complex interactions among immune dysregulation, genetic susceptibility, and environmental triggers. Emerging evidence also implicates lifestyle factors, psychological stress, gut microbiome imbalance, and drug exposures in disease onset and progression. This review synthesizes current knowledge on the immunopathogenesis of AA, integrating insights from T-cell mediated autoimmunity, genetic variations, and epigenetic regulation. Advances in diagnostic strategies, including trichoscopy, histopathology, and severity assessment tools, are critically evaluated with attention to their clinical applicability and limitations. Importantly, the therapeutic landscape of AA is rapidly evolving: beyond traditional approaches such as corticosteroids and minoxidil, recent progress in biologics, JAK inhibitors, regenerative strategies including stem cell and exosome-based therapies, nanotechnology, and microneedle-assisted delivery systems is reshaping treatment paradigms. By bridging mechanistic understanding with therapeutic innovation, this review highlights unmet clinical needs, emphasizes opportunities for precision and regenerative medicine, and outlines future directions...
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Posted by admin on Mar 31, 2026 in |
Aromatherapy is a complementary therapeutic approach based on the use of volatile essential oils derived from aromatic medicinal plants. The practice has a long history, originating in ancient medical systems of Egypt, India, China, and Greece, where aromatic plants were employed for therapeutic, cosmetic, and spiritual purposes. In contemporary pharmacognostic research, aromatherapy is recognized for the bioactive potential of essential oils, which are complex mixtures of secondary metabolites such as terpenoids, phenylpropanoids, aldehydes, alcohols, and esters. The mechanisms of action involve olfactory stimulation of the limbic system as well as transdermal absorption, leading to neuropharmacological, autonomic, and systemic effects. Essential oils have demonstrated a range of pharmacological activities including anxiolytic, analgesic, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and sedative effects. Aromatherapy has found applications in the management of stress-related disorders, pain, insomnia, dermatological and respiratory conditions, and as supportive therapy in chronic diseases and palliative care. Medicinal plants frequently employed in aromatherapy include Lavandula angustifolia, Mentha piperita, Eucalyptus globulus, Rosa damascena, and Melaleuca alternifolia. This review consolidates current knowledge on the historical...
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Posted by admin on Mar 31, 2026 in |
Inflammation is a protective biological response; however, its chronic manifestation is closely associated with the development of several pathological conditions. The limitations and adverse effects of existing anti-inflammatory drugs necessitate the search for safer and more effective alternatives. In the present study, a series of novel heterocyclic derivatives of 2-thiouracil were designed, synthesized, and evaluated for their in-vitro anti-inflammatory activity. Twelve Schiff base derivatives (6a–6l) were synthesized through sulfonylation, hydrazinyl substitution, and subsequent condensation with various substituted aromatic aldehydes. The synthesized compounds were characterized by melting point determination, elemental analysis, and physicochemical evaluation. In-vitro anti-inflammatory activity was assessed using inhibition of albumin denaturation and human red blood cell (HRBC) membrane stabilization assays, with aspirin serving as the reference standard. All tested compounds exhibited concentration-dependent anti-inflammatory activity. Among them, derivatives 6h and 6b demonstrated the most significant inhibition of protein denaturation and superior membrane stabilization activity, approaching the efficacy of aspirin at higher concentrations. Structure–activity relationship analysis suggested that electron-donating substituents and halogen substitution patterns play a crucial role in...
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Posted by admin on Mar 31, 2026 in |
Raphanus sativus (radish), a member of the Brassicaceae family, is a widely cultivated and consumed root vegetable across the globe. Its nutritional and medicinal significance has been extensively documented through various studies. Traditionally, extracts from both aerial and underground parts of radishes have been employed in folk medicine to manage a range of ailments, including digestive disorders, urinary infections, hepatic inflammation, cardiovascular complications, and ulcers. The therapeutic potential of radish is primarily attributed to its rich composition of bioactive secondary metabolites, such as glucosinolates, polyphenols, flavonoids, and isothiocyanates, which confer antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, hepatoprotective, and anticancer activities. This review emphasizes the impact of radish extract administration in pathological conditions, including cancer, diabetes, liver dysfunction, and oxidative stress. Additionally, it provides a detailed analysis of the molecular mechanisms by which radish-derived compounds regulate critical drug targets associated with various cancers and metabolic disorders. By modulating signaling pathways, apoptotic proteins, and detoxification enzymes, these bioactive constituents demonstrate considerable potential in preventing and managing chronic diseases, highlighting radish as a promising candidate...
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Posted by admin on Feb 28, 2025 in |
Vernonia cinerea is a plant with traditional uses in various cultures for its medicinal properties. It has been used to treat digestive disorders, respiratory infections and skin conditions. Scientific studies have shown that, it possesses antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory properties, making it a promising candidate for the development of new drugs or natural remedies. A comprehensive literature review indicates that terpenoids, particularly sesquiterpene lactones, are the predominant secondary compounds found in V. cinerea. Various terpenoids, including C11-terpene lactone, megastigmane, and triterpenes, have been identified. Additionally, steroids, flavonoids, phenolic compounds. Studies have revealed that Vernonia cinerea possesses potent antioxidant, antimicrobial, antifungal, analgesic, antipyretic and anti-inflammatory properties. Overall, the future of Vernonia cinerea in the field of medicine appears bright, and further research efforts should be directed towards unlocking its full therapeutic potential. So, it is time to appreciate this plant and use it to its full potential. However, in-depth studies are needed on the clinical use of Vernonia cinerea against human diseases. Besides, detailed toxicological analysis is also to be...
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