THERAPEUTIC POTENTIAL AND PHARMACOLOGICAL INSIGHTS OF CISSUS QUADRANGULARIS LINN: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW

Cissus quadrangularis Linn (CQ), a perennial medicinal herb of the Vitaceae family, has gained significant attention due to its extensive pharmacological and therapeutic properties. Commonly referred to as “Hadjod” or “Bone Setter,” it is widely used in traditional medicine systems such as Ayurveda, Unani, and Siddha for its bone-healing, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial benefits. The plant’s bioactive compounds include flavonoids, triterpenoids, stilbenes, phytosterols, calcium oxalate, and essential vitamins, which contribute to its pharmacological versatility. CQ exhibits diverse therapeutic activities, including anti-ulcer, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, gastroprotective, antiosteoporotic, and antimicrobial properties. Its ability to enhance bone regeneration and mineralization has been widely studied, particularly in the context of osteoporosis and fracture healing. In addition, the plant demonstrates free radical scavenging, antibacterial, anti-hemorrhoidal, and hepatoprotective effects through its bioactive phytoconstituents. Its extracts show efficacy against various pathogens, promote gastrointestinal health, and have potential applications in managing oxidative stress-related disorders. This review provides an in-depth overview of the botanical, chemical, and pharmacological attributes of Cissus quadrangularis Linn, emphasizing its traditional uses and modern therapeutic potential. The evidence underscores its role as a valuable medicinal plant with applications in healthcare and drug discovery.