THE ROLE OF HERBAL MEDICINE IN IMMUNE SYSTEM ENHANCEMENT: A TRADITIONAL AND MODERN PERSPECTIVE

Herbal medicine has been an integral component of traditional healing systems worldwide, particularly in enhancing immune function. This review explores the historical significance of herbal remedies in immune modulation across various traditional medical systems, including Ayurveda, Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), and indigenous healing practices. It further examines the scientific advancements that validate the immunomodulatory effects of these herbal formulations. The mechanisms of action of key herbal immunomodulators, along with their clinical efficacy, are discussed in detail. Additionally, the review highlights recent innovations in immune enhancement, including messenger RNA (mRNA)-based vaccines, immunomodulatory therapies, and the role of the gut microbiome in regulating immune responses. The potential of bioengineered immune cells and the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) and big data in immunity research are also explored, offering novel strategies for immunoregulation and the treatment of immune-related disorders. Finally, the paper addresses the challenges associated with standardizing herbal formulations and examines emerging trends and future directions in their development. By bridging traditional knowledge with modern scientific advancements, this review provides valuable insights into innovative approaches for immune system modulation and disease management.