A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW ON SYZYGIUM AQUEUM: PHYTOCHEMISTRY, PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES, TRADITIONAL USES AND THERAPEUTIC POTENTIAL

Syzygium aqueum, belonging to the family Myrtaceae, is an important medicinal and edible plant widely distributed in Southeast Asia, India, Sri Lanka, Australia, and the Pacific Islands. Commonly known as water apple, bell fruit, or watery rose apple, the plant has been traditionally used for treating fever, diabetes, gastrointestinal disorders, inflammation, skin diseases, and infections. Different parts of the plant, including fruits, leaves, bark, roots, and seeds, possess numerous bioactive compounds such as flavonoids, phenolic acids, tannins, terpenoids, anthocyanins, alkaloids, saponins, and essential oils. Recent scientific investigations have demonstrated its antioxidant, antidiabetic, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, anticancer, cardioprotective, nephroprotective, antihyperlipidemic, wound healing, and immunomodulatory activities. This review summarizes the taxonomy, botanical description, phytochemical composition, pharmacological activities, nutritional value, traditional medicinal uses, toxicity, and future prospects of S. aqueum. The review emphasizes the plant’s potential as a promising source of natural therapeutic agents for pharmaceutical and nutraceutical applications.