Posted by admin on Jan 31, 2025 in |
Essential oils are concentrated hydrophobic liquids containing volatile chemical components obtained from plants. They are well-known for their medicinal effects and numerous uses. This paper examines the pharmacognostic profiles of clove (Syzygium aromaticum), tulsi (Ocimum sanctum), and vetiver (Vetiveria zizanioides), highlighting their phytochemical composition, medicinal qualities, and pharmacological activity. Clove oil, high in eugenol, has been extensively studied for its antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic qualities, making it an important element in dental and topical formulations. Tulsi, regarded as a sacred plant in Ayurveda, produces an essential oil rich in eugenol, methyl eugenol, and beta-caryophyllene, which has adaptogenic, immunomodulatory, and anti-stress properties. Vetiver, also known as “khus,” generates an essential oil rich in sesquiterpenes such as khusimol and vetiverol, known for their relaxing, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. The pharmacognostic examination of these essential oils covers macroscopic and microscopic properties, phytochemical screening, and quality control measures. Their broad-spectrum antibacterial action and few side effects have positioned them as promising options in current therapies. Furthermore, the synergistic potential of these oils in...
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Posted by admin on Jan 31, 2025 in |
Paclitaxel, a potent anticancer agent, was first isolated from the bark of Taxus brevifolia in the 1960s and has since become a cornerstone in chemotherapy. Its anticancer efficacy stems from its ability to stabilize microtubules, preventing their disassembly, which inhibits mitosis and ultimately induces apoptosis in cancer cells. This mechanism of action makes paclitaxel particularly effective against a variety of cancers, including ovarian, breast, and non-small cell lung cancer. Despite its clinical success, the isolation of paclitaxel from the Taxus species is limited by low yields and environmental sustainability concerns, prompting the development of alternative synthetic routes. The synthesis of paclitaxel has posed significant challenges due to its complex structure, particularly the C-ring, which is pivotal for its biological activity. Over the years, total syntheses have been achieved using both chemical and semi-synthetic approaches, with the latter being more commercially viable. One notable method involves converting baccatin III, a compound found in Taxus, into paclitaxel via chemical modifications. Stability issues are another hurdle for paclitaxel’s therapeutic use, as its...
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Posted by admin on Jan 31, 2025 in |
Pharmacognostic study is important in laying down diagnostic parameters for standardization and authentication of plant materials in their fresh, dried or powdered state. Pharmacognostic study serves as a tool to identify adulterants and prevent substitution. Authentic plant material serves as raw material for herbal drug industry and local markets where people prefer folk medicine. Impatiens walleriana (Family – Balsaminaceae) is a folk medicine. Pharmacognostic studies on Impatiens walleriana species are not reported and our findings shall contribute to proper authentication of the plant material and also resolve the complexity associated with species having same common names as other species in the same genera. In the present study various parameters organoleptic, chemomicroscopic, macroscopic and microscopic characteristics have been studied in addition to fluorescence, physical and photochemical analysis. This study therefore generates resourceful data helping to identify Impatiens walleriana and guide researchers to explore therapeutic worthiness of this...
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Posted by admin on Jan 31, 2025 in |
Herbal therapy has been utilised for a very long time by ancient tribes and civilisations because it uses local herbs, which have less negative effects, to prevent and treat certain illnesses. The exotic plant Gliricidia sepium is a member of the Fabaceae family. Gliricidia’s generic name means “mouse killer” in Latin, referring to the usage of deadly seeds and bark as a rodenticide. In Gliricidia sepium, saponins, flavonoids, terpenes, tannins, glycosides, and volatile oils have been identified as important phytoconstituents from a variety of plant components, including leaves, flowers, fruits, stems, bark, seeds, and roots. Gliricidia sepium is said to possess antimicrobial and cytotoxic properties, thrombolytic activity, anti-bacterial activity, anti-inflammatory activity, anti-oxidant activity, wound healing, larvicidal activity, and anthelmintic activity, all of which are particularly significant in the medical sector. An overview of studies conducted on the plant Gliricidia sepium is presented in this article. It includes discussions on the taxonomy, classification, common names, vernacular names, description, distribution, phytochemicals, and pharmacological...
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Posted by admin on Jan 31, 2025 in |
To evaluate the Pharmacognostic properties, phytochemical screening, anthelmintic and anti-oxidant potential of the leaves of Euphorbia Hirta Linn. Microscopic and macroscopic characteristics of fresh and dried leaf samples were analysed. serial exhaustive extraction was done with various of solvents: Aqueous, Methanol, using Soxhlet apparatus. Physicochemical parameters such as moisture content, extractive values, ash content of leaf powder were also determined. The results revealed that the leaves extracts contain carbohydrates, alkaloids, steroids, Saponins, terpenoid, flavonoids etc., The results of anthelmintic study indicated that the methanolic and aqueous extracts significantly exhibited paralysis (P<0.01) in worms in lower doses (5, 10 and 15 mg/ml) and also caused death of worms especially at higher concentration of 15mg/ml, as compared to standard drug. These studies may be helpful for identification of Euphorbia Hirta Linn plant. This phytochemical may be responsible for the therapeutic activity of the plant. Further it useful for...
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