Posted by admin on Aug 31, 2025 in |
Bacterial infections remain a serious threat to ornamental fish aquaculture, especially goldfish (Carassius auratus), which are highly valued for their aesthetic and commercial importance. Among the major pathogens, Aeromonas hydrophila, Pseudomonas fluorescens, and Edwardsiella tarda cause diseases such as hemorrhagic septicemia, fin rot, and edwardsiellosis, often leading to severe economic losses. Conventional reliance on antibiotics like ampicillin and tetracycline, though effective, has led to antibiotic resistance, environmental concerns, and consumer preference for residue-free fish, driving the search for natural alternatives. This study investigated the antibacterial properties of neem (Azadirachta indica) and fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) extracts against common fish pathogens. Extracts were prepared using cold maceration in 70% ethanol and tested via the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method at concentrations of 100, 200, and 400 mg/mL. Neem extract showed strong, dose-dependent antibacterial activity against A. hydrophila, producing inhibition zones of 12.3–21.4 mm due to its bioactive compounds like azadirachtin, nimbin, and nimbidin. Fenugreek extract exhibited moderate inhibition (7.2–12.8 mm), while antibiotics produced larger zones (e.g., ampicillin 25.6 mm). In vivo evaluation...
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Posted by admin on Aug 31, 2025 in |
The present study focuses on identification of bioactive compounds from Methanolic extraction of Indigofera prostrate, by GC–MS analysis and also evaluated the efficacy of Indigofera prostrate for antioxidant activity. Phytochemical screening of the Methanolic extraction of Indigofera prostrate revealed the presence of flavonoids, phenolic compounds, triterpenoids, tannins, saponins, amino acids, proteins, Steroids, Gums and carbohydrates. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of the methanol extract of Indigofera prostrate was performed on a GC-MS equipment. The GC-MS analysis has shown the presence of different bio active compounds in the Methanolic extract of Indigofera prostrate. A total of 14 compounds were identified in methanolic extraction in that the main active compounds are Campesterol, Stigmasterol, γ-Sitosterol, Lupeol. From the results, it is evident that Indigofera prostrate contains various phytocomponents and is recommended as a plant of phytopharmaceutical...
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Posted by admin on Jul 31, 2024 in |
The newest approach in pharmaceutical production linked to quality is called Quality by Design (QbD). To guarantee that premium-grade pharmaceuticals are produced, Pharmaceutical Quality by Design, or QbD, is discussed in this article. A description of Quality by Design is provided along with a list of its constituent parts. Every unit activity has its own set of quality metrics and characteristics. The use of Quality by Design and its associated measures can yield significant benefits for pharmaceutical goods. The foundation of pharmaceutical R&D is high-quality drugs and the procedures used in their production. A product’s quality cannot be easily verified because this paper just summarises the product’s quality profile and the most important components of Quality by Design. Quality by design (QbD) and end-product testing are two ways to compare the quality of various goods. Quality by Design is based on the ICH Guidelines. ICH guidelines apply to the development of medications and the application of quality control methods. The research and manufacturing of pharmaceuticals might profit from Quality...
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Posted by admin on Jul 31, 2024 in |
In Ivory Coast, the leaves of Ipomoea batatas are consumed like spinach without any prior study of toxicity. This study aims to evaluate the toxicity of Ipomoea batatas leaf macerate on female rats. Thus, the phytochemical screening, the acute oral toxicity test of the leaf macerate of this plant was carried out on female rats. The results show that Ipomoea batatas leaves contain sterols and polyterpenes, polyphenols, flavonoids, alkaloids and saponosides. The study also reveals that the macerate of I. batatas leaves is not toxic orally. The rats showed no signs of toxicity. The weight of vital organs of female rats treated with the macerate showed no significant difference from that of control female rats. Concerning the reproductive organs, a significant increase in the weight of the ovary was observed in females’ rats treated with the extract compared to control rats. The study revealed a decrease in the level of white blood cells in the test female rats. At level of biochemical parameters, a significant decrease in AST and...
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Posted by admin on Jul 31, 2024 in |
The computer-aided drug design (CADD) symbolizes an intricate discipline exploitation accomplishment in varied areas of science and varied strategies and approaches. It tends to speed-up and optimize discovery of latest biologically active compounds. However, these approaches cannot replace the experimental tests. The aim of CADD is to generate hypotheses regarding probable new ligands and their interaction with targets. It’s considered that these strategies will decrease the quantity of the compounds that are required to be synthesized and tested for biological activity up to 2 orders. Thus, they’re capable to decrease basically time consuming monetary expenses for development of medicine. A Recent terribly effective technique in era is drug designing through computers. CADD technologies are employed in technology, biological science, organic chemistry etc. The main advantage of the CADD is value effective in analysis and development of medicine. There are wide ranges of software that are employed in CADD, Grid computing, window primarily based general PBPK/PD modeling computer software, PKUDDS for structure based drug design, APIS, JAVA, Perl and Python....
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