THE VERSATILE CASTOR PLANT RICINUS COMMUNIS COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW ON THE MEDICINAL AND HEALTH BENEFITS

Ricinus communis Linn, commonly known as the castor plant, is a versatile and widely distributed species that holds significant importance in both traditional and modern medicine. This plant, native to tropical Africa, has been utilized for centuries due to its extensive medicinal properties, which include antimicrobial, antihistaminic, antinociceptive, antifertility, anti-asthmatic, hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, wound-healing, and antidiabetic activities. Various parts of the plant, such as the leaves, roots, and seeds, are employed in the treatment of diverse ailments, including eye infections, liver diseases, and sexually transmitted infections. The therapeutic potential of Ricinus communis is attributed to the presence of key bioactive phytochemicals, including saponins, flavonoids, alkaloids, steroids, and glucosides. Specific compounds like camphor, β-caryophyllene, gallic acid, quercetin, and indole-3-acetic acid are among the notable bioactive constituents found in the plant. Furthermore, studies on castor oil have revealed the presence of several beneficial fatty acids, including ricinoleic and linoleic acids, which contribute to the plant’s health-promoting effects. This review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the medicinal properties, health benefits, and potential therapeutic applications of Ricinus communis, highlighting its role as a valuable resource in modern pharmacology and traditional medicine.