PHYTOPHARMACOGNOSTICAL INVESTIGATION OF SAMASARKARA CHURNA

PHYTOPHARMACOGNOSTICAL INVESTIGATION OF SAMASARKARA CHURNA

Vaishali D. Naphade^{* 1}, Atul R. Bendale¹, Sushil P. Narkhede¹, Sachin B. Narkhede² and Anil G. Jadhav¹

Sandip Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences ¹, Nashik - 422213, Maharashtra, India.

Smt. B. N. B. Swaminarayan Pharmacy College ², Salvav (Vapi) - 396191, Gujarat, India.

ABSTRACT: Introduction: Samasarkara churna is the Ayurvedic medication preferred treatment of dyspepsia, loss of appetite and piles, formulated by mixing powder of cardamoms, long piper, black piper, flowers of Mesua ferrea, cinnamon and Sugar. Method: With the help of reported composition and standard procedure, formulated Samasarkara churna was compared with the market formulation. Efforts have been made to developed quality control parameters of Ayurvedic formulation Samasarkara churna by observing of organoleptic features, microscopical characters, and physicochemical properties. Results: Ash values and volatile oil content of standard and test sample were found to be 4.75, 2.25 and 0.2% w/v and 0.3% w/v respectively. Crude fiber content, pH of 1% w/v solution of churna and loss on drying were found to be (0.11, 0.34), (6.24, 6.29) and (0.7, 0.8) respectively. Calculated extractive values confirm that water-soluble contents are more in the Samasarkara churna. Discussion: After analyzing samples of Samasarkara churna by different parameters such as total ash, water, and alcohol soluble extractive values, lipid and volatile oil content, microscopic and phytochemical investigation showed reproducible results between batches. Conclusion: Parameters used therewith can be utilized for the evaluation and standardization of various polyherbal formulations.

Samasarkara churna, Ayurvedic formulation, Phytopharmacognostical

INTRODUCTION: Indian healthcare consists of medical diversity, and Ayurveda remains prevailing compared to modern medicine, particularly for the treatment of a variety of chronic disease conditions ¹. To overcome the disease many Ayurvedic formulations are used like asava, arista, arka, avleha, kvatha, churna, lepa, vatika, gutika, netrabindu, sattva, grita, taila, bhasma, etc., but the churna has the unique place in all the formulation. Churna is the fine powder of drug and drugs intended for oral administration.

The World health organization (WHO) in 1999, has given a detailed protocol for the standardization of herbal drugs comprising of a single content, but very little literature is available for the standardization of polyherbal drugs. By considering the increasing demand for Ayurvedic formulations, proper documentation regarding their standardization is more important to assure the quality, purity, safety, and efficacy.

Keeping these things in mind, efforts have been made in developing quality control parameters for Ayurvedic formulation ‘Samasarkara churna’ using organoleptic features, microscopical characters, and physicochemical properties. It serves quality control and quality assurance aspects of the formulation. The standards of in house formulation of Samasarkara churna were determined and compared with market formulation ^{2, 3}.

Based upon the composition given in the book of Bhaisajyaratnavali, the formula of the Samasarkara churna is composed as in Fig. 1, as follows:

MATERIAL AND METHODS:

Collection and Identification of Crude Drugs: All the plant crude drugs required for the preparation of the standard formulation of Samasarkara churna were collected from the local store in November 2015.

Preparation of Churna: All the crude drugs were examined for the presence of foreign matters and were weighed as prescribed under the formula of the Samasarkara churna in the book Bhaisajyaratnavali. All of the drugs were separately ground. All the powdered drugs were mixed using the homogenizer. One market formulation of Samasarkara churna was purchase from the local Ayurvedic pharmacy of town, details of market formulation is as follows: (Batch no. D-11 and mfg. Date: Nov. 14): The ingredients and their respective quantity; which is given on label: sunth (95.3 gm), long piper (5.9 gm), black piper (12 gm), lavang (5.9 gm), jayphal (5.9 gm), sugar (125 gm). All powdered crude drug ingredients; standard and market formulations of Samasarkara churna were examined for their morphological and microscopical characters and quantitative microscopical studies. That gives detail idea about Pharmacognostical evaluation ^4-10.

Phytochemical Evaluation: Organoleptic characters, loss on drying, ash value, water-soluble extract, alcohol soluble extract, and pH in 5% aqueous suspension were assessed ^11-13.

OBSERVATIONS AND RESULTS:

A) Microscopy of Standard Samasarkara Churna:

B) Microscopy of Test Samasarkara Churna:

TABLE 1: MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERS OF STANDARD AND MARKET FORMULATIONS OF SAMASARKARA CHURNA

TABLE 2: SCREENING OF PHYTOCONSTITUENTS IN STANDARD AND MARKET FORMULATIONS OF SAMASARKARA CHURNA

FIG. 5: PHYSICOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS OF STANDARD AND MARKET FORMULATIONS OF SAMASARKARA CHURNA

TABLE 3: ESTIMATION OF PHYTOCONSTITUENTS IN STANDARD AND MARKET FORMULATIONS OF SAMASARKARA CHURNA

 TABLE 4: FLUORESCENCE ANALYSIS OF STD AND MKT FORMULATIONS OF SAMASARKARA CHURNA

PY-pale yellow, YBR- yellowish brown, GBR- greenish brown, RBR-reddish brown, BR- brown, FLG- fluorescence light green, FG- fluorescence green, FDG- fluorescence dark green.

TABLE 5: CONTENT AND DETAILS OF CHURNA ^14-35

DISCUSSION & CONCLUSION: Samasarkara Churna; an Ayurvedic formulation has been standardized by the intervention of contemporary scientific quality control actions in the traditional research described in conventional texts. Pharmacognostic appeals established for the raw materials could be employed as Q.C. standards for evaluating its identity and can be used for repetitive analysis. Purity and potency of the materials and formulations; following the procedure given could be performed in QC/QA laboratory of a pharmaceutical firm. In the present study, two different polyherbal formulations of Samasarkara churna was taken, and they were evaluated as per Indian Pharmacopoeia and WHO guidelines for their different properties like - organoleptic, extractive values (alcohol and water), Ash values (Total ash), physical characteristics (tapped and bulk density, Hausner’s ratio and Carr’s index), phytochemical evaluation, fluorescence analysis. Organoleptic studies revealed that altogether batches (Standard and Test) of Samasarkara Churna were brown with a pungent odor and sweet taste. More than 90% of these samples (Standard and Test) passed through 60- mesh sieve.

The extractive values (% w/v) of Samasarkara Churna (std. and test) in water and alcohol were found to be (62.4%, 49.6%); (21.6%, 32%); respectively, Fig. 5 it confirms that water-soluble contents are more in the Samasarkara churna. Ash values (% w/w) of Samasarkara churna (std. and test) were found to be 4.75 and 2.25 respectively and volatile oil content of std. and test for mutations were found to be 0.2% w/v and 0.3% w/v respectively. And as per Table 2 crude fiber content, pH of 1% w/v solution of churna and loss on drying were found to be (0.11, 0.34), (6.24, 6.29) and (0.7, 0.8) respectively.

The data of Table 5 shows that; physical characteristics of Samasarkara Churna like-Bulk density (g/ml), tapped density (g/ml), angle of repose, Hausner’s ratio and Carr’s index is found to be (0.453,0.45); (0.6,0.577); (32.14, 33.10); (1.32, 1.28); (24, 28.5) respectively. Low values of angle of repose show the poor flowability for all samples. As per Table 5; UV light and fluorescence were observed in both of the std. and test formulation. It is clear from Table 3 that active constituents like glycosides, carbohydrates, steroids, tannins, and saponins are present and the total tannin content in Samasarkara churna (std. and test) was found to be 1.6 and 1.7 %w/w respectively. Total flavonoid content estimated for both std. and Test Samasarkara churna which were found to be 0.236 and 0.254% w/w respectively. Na⁺ ion salts and K⁺ ion salts were quantified which were found to be (0.9, 1.1% w/w) and (1.2, 1.4% w/w) respectively.

After analysis of a sample of Samasarkara churna by different parameters such as total ash, insoluble acid ash, water-soluble extractive, alcohol-soluble extractive, lipid content, volatile oil content, and microscopic analysis, the phytochemical analysis showed reproducible results between batches. So it can be concluded that these parameters can be used for the evaluation of Samasarkara churna. The same protocol may be applied for as regular quality control and standardization for various polyherbal formulations

SUMMARY: Two consignments of different polyherbal formulation Samasarkara churna which purchased from the local market were evaluated as per Indian Pharmacopoeia and WHO guidelines. Different parameters like - organoleptic characteristics, extractive value, ash value, physical characteristics, phytochemical evaluation, fluorescence analysis, pH value, etc. were evaluated and compared. The result of Samasarkara churna was found nearby. This study on Samasarkara churna was precise, reproducible and may be considered as a protocol for its evaluation. Present methods can draw a parallel for evaluation for other Ayurvedic formulations. The same protocol may be applied for as regular quality control and standardization for polyherbal formulations like churna.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT: Nil

CONFLICT OF INTEREST: Nil

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    How to cite this article:

    Naphade VD, Bendale AR, Narkhede SP, Narkhede SB and Jadhav AG: Phytopharmacognostical investigation of Samasarkara churna. Int J Pharmacognosy 2018; 5(4): 249-55. doi link: http://dx.doi.org/10.13040/ IJPSR.0975-8232.IJP.5(4).249-55.

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