PHYTOCHEMICAL AND PHARMACOGNOSTIC CHARACTERIZATION OF TWO PLANTS USED IN WEST AFRICA FOR THE ALTERNATIVE MANAGEMENT OF STOMA TO LOGICAL INFECTIONS

This work aims to contribute to the phyto-therapeutic treatment of oral diseases that do not have a recognized management program, such as malaria, HIV-AIDS and tuberculosis. The aim is to qualitatively and quantitatively determine the chemical composition of Anacardium occidentale and Cocos nucifera, as well as the toxicity and sensitivity to their extracts of the microbial strains responsible for oral infections. Medicinal plant sellers in 03 markets of Porto-Novo use plant species to treat oral infections. C. nucifera (A) and A. occidentale (B) were the most frequently cited, used in decoction form. Qualitative phytochemical analysis using the standard method showed that C. nucifera roots contain tannins, steroids, mucilages, leuco-anthocyanins and alkaloids, while A. occidentale roots contain tannins, flavonoids, anthocyanins, leuco- anthocyanins, steroids, reducing compounds, coumarins and mucilages. The contents of total phenols (18.79±0.46 mgEAG/g(A)) and (20.05±1.01 mgEAG/g (B)), flavonoids (39.04±18.8 mgEQ/g) for extract B, condensed tannins (8.36±0.22 mgEC/g (A)) and (5.77±0.27mgEC/g(B)), justify the biological potential of these plants. Evaluation of the free radical scavenging activity of the decocts of both plants revealed moderate inhibitory concentrations (IC50=7.31mg/mL (A); IC50=15.54 mg/mL (B)) compared with ascorbic acid (IC50 ₌ 3.18 mg/mL). The general toxicity test carried out on Artemia salina Leach larvae, showed that these extracts were a priori harmless on human cells with a lethal half concentration equal to 1.50 mg/mL for extract A and 0.46 mg/mL for extract B. Both extracts showed good activity against Candida albicans ATCC 10231 and Streptococcus mutans strains, with inhibition diameters ranging from 7.2±0.4 mm for the C. nucifera aqueous extract to 10.7±0.1 mm for the A. occidentale extract and thus constitute sources of natural anti-infective agents against oral diseases.