HYPOLIPIDAEMIC ACTIVITY OF THE SIDDHA MEDICINAL PLANTS
HTML Full TextHYPOLIPIDAEMIC ACTIVITY OF THE SIDDHA MEDICINAL PLANTS
A. Manoharan * 1, M. Manjula 2, H. Mubarak 3 and C. V. Chitti Babu 4
Department of General Medicine 1, Government Siddha Medical College, Palayamkottai - 627002, Tamil Nadu, India.
Department of Medicine 2, TVMCH, Tirunelveli - 627007, Tamil Nadu, India.
Senior Research Fellow (S) 3, SCRU, Palayamkottai, Tamil Nadu, India.
Department of Botany 4, Presidency College, Chennai - 600005, Tamil Nadu, India.
ABSTRACT: Hyperlipidaemia (Adhi dhoola noi) is a well known metabolic disorder, prevalent in 30-40% of the people worldwide. It is one of the most important factors of morbidity and mortality related to atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Research articles prove hyperlipidaemia as an important factor that determines the risk of atherosclerotic heart disease and endocrinal disorders. Siddha Medical system is one of the ancient one in which medicinal plants contributes a vital role in the making of single and compound formulations. Siddha medicinal plants can play an important role in the reduction of hyperlipidemic state with proven evidence-based research. This warrants introduction of Siddha medicinal plants in the treatment of hyperlipidaemia. This review article recites various polyherbal Siddha formulations and single herbs as a hypolipidaemic drugs with scientifically proven measures which are equally effective, safe to use, affordable and easily acceptable.
Keywords: |
Siddha medicines, Adhi dhoola noi (Obesity), Hyperlipidaemia, Atherosclerosis
INTRODUCTION: Hyperlipidaemia is a disorder of lipid metabolism. This disorder manifests as elevation of plasma cholesterol, triglycerides (or) low HDL level or all of the above. Based on CARDIA (Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults) study, which was conducted among 5000 young adults of age group 18-30 years with an increased Body Mass Index (BMI) are at a high risk of developing complications due to hyper-lipidemia. Increased VLDL, LDL and total cholesterol levels and decreased HDL level renders more atherogenic blood vessels which could result in coronary insufficiency (or) ischemic heart disease.
National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) has mentioned about detection, types, evaluation, and management of hyperlipidemia in adults in treatment panel ATP-III. 1 Hyperlipidemia results in a metabolic syndrome which is characterized by obesity, Insulin resistance, and endothelial cell dysfunction which ultimately ends in hypertension, diabetes (or) stroke 2. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), most of the world’s population is dependent on traditional medicines.
Siddha Literature has described the various usages of polyherbal formulations in hyperlipidemia. Even though there are variable Siddha formulations, this study mainly includes the use of Venthamarai chooranam, Neerzhivu chooranam, Thiripala chooranam, Maruthampattai chooranam, Kariveppilai chooranam in the treatment of hyperlipidemia. It also enumerates the phyto- chemistry, parts to be used along with botanical and common names 3, 4, 5.
This study provides a list of multi-herbal formulations and comparisons of their efficacy and analysis of individual chemical constituents of various herbal formulations that could have a hyperlipidaemic lowering activity. There is a warning alarm mentioned by National Commission of Macroeconomics and Health (NCMH) in India has estimated that by 2015 approximately 52 million Indian patients will develop coronary artery disease:out of this about 23 million will be less than 40 years of age 6.
Siddha Medicinal Plants compared with that of Current Research: Siddha medicine is widely used in various diseases like diabetes, atherosclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, etc. Siddha Medicines have been prepared as multi-herbal formulations that have a hyperlipidaemic lowering activity since ages which reinforces the effectiveness of Siddha medicinal plants in hyperlipidemia. Several medicinal plants have been proved to act through various mechanisms like inhibition of microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP), acyl-coenzyme A (COA) cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT), diacylglycerol and acyltransferase (DGAT) and farnesoid X receptors (FXR). Among various Siddha herbal formulations, Venthamarai Chooranam Table 1, Madhumega Chooranam Table 2, Thribala Chooranam Table 3, Maruthampattai Chooranam Table 4, Karivepillai Chooranam Table 5 which are having multiple bioactive ingredients act as lowering the hyperlipidaemic state. Some of the interesting medicinal plants are described based on proven scientific studies.
TABLE 1: INGREDIENTS OF VENTHAMRAI CHOORANAM
S.
no. |
Botanical Name/
Tamil name |
Family | Part of being used | Important
Alkaloids |
Actions |
1. | Elettaria cardamomum (L.)
Maton ELAM |
Zingiberaceae | Fruit &
Seed |
Oleum, cardamoni,
terpinol |
Hypolipidaemia,
Hypoglycemic 7, 8, 9 |
2. | Zingiber officinalis
Roscoe CHUKKU |
Zingiberaceae | Rhizome | Zingiberneol, β-bisabolene,
gingerin, oleoresin |
Hypolipidaemia,
diabetic, dyslipedemic, antioxidant 10, 11 |
3. | Piper longum, Linn.
THIPPLI |
Piperaceae | Root
& fruit |
Piperine, guniesine,
methyl pluvitilo, pipataline |
Hypolipidaemia, Antioxidant, cardiac disease 13, 14 |
4. | Glycyrrhiza glabra, Linn.
ATHIMADHURAM |
Fabaceae | Root | Glycyrrbizin, glycyrrhizinate | Hypolipidaemia,
Hypoglycemic 15, 16 |
5. | Anethum graveolens
Linn. SADAKUPPAI |
Apiaceae | Leaves | Coumarin, Vit. C, α-terpinene, flavanoids, steroids -xanthome glucoside | Hypolipidaemia 17, 18 |
6. | Cuminum cyminum
CHEERAKAM |
Apiaceae | Seed | Cuminaldehyde | Hypolipidaemia 19, 20 |
7. | Nelumbo nucifera
Garten THAMARAI |
Nelumbonaceae | White flowers | Lupeol, β-Sitosterol,
nuciferine, N-Norarmeparine |
Lipolytic,
Cardiac Disease21, 22, 23 |
Elettaria cardamomum (L): Chaudhari H. S, et al,8 has mentioned in review article as Aqueous extract of Elettaria cardamomum (100 - 200 mg/kg per oral) for 30 days has significantly decreased the level of total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL-C, VLDL and has increased HDL-C Levels.
Zingiber officinale: Bhandhari et al, 10 has reviewed that ethanolic extract of ginger (200 mg /kg) orally for 20 days produced a significant reduction of blood sugar in diabetic rats and also reduction in lipid levels are noted.
Piper longum: Jin Z, et al, 13, 14 has reviewed that use of an ethanolic extract of piper has reduced the cholesterol levels.
Glycyrrhiza glabra: Santhosh Kumar Maurya et al,15 reviewed that ethanolic extract of Glycyrrhiza glabra (100 mg/kg/day) for 30 days has markedly reduced the lipids level.
Antheum graveolens: Iyer D et al, 18 have previewed that ethanolic extract of that plant reduces the cholesterol levels.
Cuminium cyminum: Vaibhav Srivastava et al, 19 revised that ethanolic extract of the seeds given for 20 days has significantly lowered the lipid levels.
Nelumbo nucifera: Subhasini et al, 22 has studied the effects of the plant in male wistar rats which has proved anti lipidaemic activity.
Terminalia chebula: Maruthappan et al, 25 1.05 mg, 1kg, 1b.w & 2.10 mg/kg/b.w for 14 days given for atherogenic diet induced hyperlipidaemic rats has reduced the lipoprotein levels.
Murraya Koenigii: Khan BA, et al, 27 has reviewed the ethanolic, petroleum and chloroform leaf extract has markedly reduced the blood sugar and lipid levels.
Phyllanthus emblica: Arunab Bhattacharya et al, 32 has reviewed that methanol and water solvent extract (5 - 10 mg/kg) for 7 days has inhibited lipid peroxidation.
TABLE 2: INGREDIENTS OF MADHUMEGA CHOORANAM (MMC)
S.
No. |
Botanical name/ Tamil name |
Family | Parts to be used | Phytochemical
constituents |
Actions |
1. | Terminalia chebula (Retz)
KADUKKAI |
Combretaceae | Fruit | Phenolic compounds, punicalagin, Terflavin-A, terchebulin girin, | Antiobesity,
hypolipidaemia 24, 25 |
2. | Murraya koenigii (L.) KARIVEPPILAI | Rutaceae | Leaf | Isomahanibine, koenimbine,
koengicine |
Hypolipidaemia,
Hypoglycaemic 26, 27 |
3. | Phyllanthus emblica
(Linn.) Gaertn NELLIKAI |
Euphorbiaceae | Fruit | Trigalloylglucose,
phyllembic acid, terchebin |
Hypolipidaemia, anti-oxidants, rich source of
Vit. C 28, 29, 30 |
4. | Tinospora cordifolia (Willd)
SEENTHIL |
Menispermaceae | Stem | Flavanoid, Diterpene-10 - Hydroxy columbin, tinosporidine | Hypolipidaemia, Anti-diabetic, anti-oxidant 31, 32 |
5. | Syzygium cumini (L), S. jambolanum (Lam) NAAVAL | Myrtaceae | Bark, seed | Betalinic acid, kaempferol,
isoquerlitrin |
Hypolipidaemia, Anti-diabetic, antioxidant 33, 34 |
6. | Cyperus rotundus
(Linn.) |
Cyperaceae | Tuber | Flavonoid glucoside cypernel I, II and cypertundone | Hypolipidaemia,
Anti-hypertensive 35, 36, 37 |
7. | Phyllanthus amarus, Schume Tnonn KEEZHANELLI | Euphorbiaeaec | Whole plant | Ellagitannin-
Phyllanthin D |
Anti-diabetic,
hypolipidaemic 38, 39 |
Tinospora cordifolia: Veena Sharma et al, 33 has reviewed that petroleum and another plant extract in rats (200 mg/kg for 28 days) produces a marked reduction in body weight.
Syzygium cumini: Sharma SB et al,34 has reviewed that ethanolic seed extract of cumini in diabetic rats showed marked changes in a lipoprotein.
Cyprus rotundus: Bambhole VD et al, 37 has reviewed that aqueous and alcoholic extract for 90 days showed. Lipolytic action and it has mobilized fat in rats.
Phyllanthus amarus: A.K.K Khana F et al, 38 has reviewed the plant extract (250 mg 1kg/ weight) for 30 days in Triton Wistar Rat 1339 showed that it inhibits hepatin cholesterol biosynthesis and increased fecal bile acid excretion and enhanced plasma lecithin (LCAT) and cholesterol acyltransferase.
Terminalia chebula: Priya F, et al, 42 has reviewed that 250 – 500 mg /kg powder given in Triton Wistar Rat 1339 showed that it reduces total cholesterol.
Phyllanthus emblica: Yokazawa T, et al, 43 has reviewed that (10-40 mg/kg/b.w) for 2 months reduces the hyperlipidemia and has antioxidative actions.
TABLE 3: INGREDIENTS OF TRIPHALA CHOORANAM (TPC)
S.
no. |
Botanical name/
Tamil name |
Family | Parts to be used | Important
Alkaloids |
Actions |
1 | Terminalia chebula, Retz KADUKKAI THOOL | Combretaceae | Fruit | Phenolic compounds, punicalagin, terflavin-A, terchebulin | Hypolipidaemia,
anti-obesity 40, 41, 42 |
2 | Phyllanthus emblica, Linn.
NELLIVATRAL |
Euphorbiaceae
|
Fruit | Trigalloyl glucose, phyllembic acid, terachebin | Rich source of Vit. C, anti-oxidant, hypolipidaemia 43 |
3 | Terminalia bellerica, Gaertn THAANDRIKKAI
THOOL |
Combretaceae | Fruit | Belleric acid, bellericoside, gallic acid, ellagic acid, mannitol | Hypolipidaemia 44, 45 ,46 |
Terminalia bellerica: B. Ahirwar et al, 45 has reviewed that ethanolic extract of 200 - 250 g in male adult albino rats for 45 days orally which showed marked reduction in lipoproteins.
Terminalia arjuna: Saravana Subramanian, et al, 48 has reviewed that ethanol, diethyl ether, ethyl acetate extract 175 - 350 mg/kg b.w in female Albino mice, male Wistar rats has shown that it reduces hyperlipidaemia and anti oxidant.
Gossypium herbaceum: C. Velmurugan et al, 49 has reviewed that ethanol extract of leaves (200 mg/kg b.w) has significantly reduced lipids levels in diabetes.
Curcuma longa: P. Suresh Babu et al, 52 has reviewed that aqueous and alcoholic extract 100 mg/kg/b.w one in 9 days for 2 weeks significantly reduces lipid levels in diabetes.
Cosicinium fenestratum: Shanmugam Manoharan et al,54 has reviewed that ethanolic extract of 300 mg/kg b,w for 45 days/alloxan induced in wistar rats showed anti-hyperlipidaemic and anti glycemic activity.
Salacia reticulate: Yoshikawa et al, 56 has reviewed those polyphenol constituents with lipase inhibitory and lipolytic activities in rats.
TABLE 4: INGREDIENTS OF MARUTHAM PATTAI CHOORANAM
S.
no. |
Botanical name/
Tamil name |
Family | Parts to be used | Alkaloids | Actions |
1 | Terminalia arjuna
Wight & Arn. MARUDU |
Combretaceae | Bark | Triterpene arjunolitin, Arjunolone, arjunetin, arjunic acid, Terminolitin | Cardiac disease, Hypolipidaemia 47, 48 |
TABLE 5: INGREDIENTS OF KARIVEPPILAI CHOORANAM
S.
no. |
Botanical name/
Tamil name |
Family | Parts to be used | Important
Alkaloids |
Actions |
1 | Murraya koenigii (L.)
KARIVEPPILAI |
Rutaceae | leaf | Girin, isomahanibine, koenimbine, koengicine | Anti-diabetic, hypolipidemia, anti-oxidant 26, 27 |
2 | Gossypium herbaceum (L.) PARUTTI | Malvaceae | Seed | Gossypin | Anti-diabetic
hypolipidemia 49, 52 |
3 | Curcuma longa (L.)
MANJAL |
Zingiberaceae | Rhizome | Curcumin, β- turmenone, demthoxy curamin | Anti-oxidant
hypolipidemia 51, 52, 53 |
4 | Cosicinium fenestratum (Gaertn) MARAMANJAL | Menzspermaceae | Rhizome | Berlambine, oxo-berberine, stigmasterol | Anti-oxidant
hypolipedemia 54 |
5 | Terminalia chebula
KADUKKAI |
Combertaceae | Pericarp | Pinicalagin, Terflavin.A,
Terchebuin |
Anti-diabetic, hypolipedemia
cardioprotective 40, 41, 42 |
6 | Terminalia bellirica
THANDRIKKAI |
Combertaceae | Pericarp | Belleric acid,
mannitol |
Hypolipidemia 44, 45, 46 |
7 | Emblica officinalis
NELLI MULLI |
Euphorbiaceae | Pericarp | Trigalloyl glucose, phyllembic acid | Antioxidant,
hypolipidaemia 46 |
8 | Salacia reticulata
KADAL AZHINGIL |
Celestraceae | Root | Quinonemethide,
lenmbachol C, D, pristimeria |
Antidiabetic, lipase inhibitory, lipolytic 55, 56 |
TABLE 6: LIST OF HYPOLIPIDAEMIC ACTIVITY OF SIDDHA MEDICINAL PLANTS
S.
no. |
Botanical name/
Tamil name |
Family | Part of being used | Important
Alkaloids |
1 | Curcuma amada (Roxb)
MANGAI INJI |
Zingiberaceae | Rhizome | β,d, Curcumene, d- Pinene, d-Camphor, β - d - curcumene, Phytosterol 57 |
3 | Myristica fragrans. (Houtt)
SAATHIKAI |
Myrtaceae | Fruit | Eugenol, isoeugenol, methyl eugenol, myristicin, trimyristin 58 |
4 | Pueraria tuberosa (Dc)
NILA POOSANI |
Papilionaceae | Root | Puerarin, tuberostan
cardiac glycoside 59 |
5 | Tinospora cordifolia (Wild)
SEENTHIL |
Menispermaceae | Stem | Tino Cardifolin, tinosporidine,
tinosporaside, cleodane 60 |
6 | Caesalpinia bonduc (L.) (Roxb.)
KALICHIKAI |
Caesalpiniaceae | Fruit, leaf | α, β and δ caesalpins, pentacyclic,tr terpenoid (+) ononitd, cephanone 61 |
8 | Allium cepa (Linn.)
VENGAYAM |
Alliaceae |
Bulb | Quercetin, cycloallin,
phenolic acid 62 |
9 | Allium sativum (Linn.)
VALLAI - PUNDU |
Alliaceae | Bulb | Ajuene, Y - glutamyl peptides,
F- gitonin, degalactotigonin 63 |
10 | Capparis decidua (Forsk) SENGAM | Capparaceae | Bark, fruit | Capparilline, N- triacontanol,
capparisinine 64 |
11 | Cinnamomum Verum (J.S.Presl)
LAVANGA PATTAI |
Lauraceae | Leaf | Eugenol, lianlool, benzaldehyde, benzyl cinnamaldehyde, pinene, cymene 65 |
12 | Commiphora mukkul (Enzler)
KUNGILYUM |
Burseraceae | Resin | Resins, Z-Guggulusterone, E-Guggulusterone, guggulsterol I-V 66 |
13 | Enicostema axillary (Lam)
VELLARUGU |
Gentianaceae | Whole plant | Swertiamarin, gentianine, swertisin 5-0, glycosyl swertisin, myristic acid 67 |
14 | Garcinia combogia (G)
KODUAM PUZHI |
Clusiaceae | Fruit | (-) Hydroxycitric acid,
tartaric acid.68 |
16 | Saussurea lappa (C. B. Clake)
KOSTUM |
Asteraceae | Root | Costunolide, dehydrocostus,
lactone 69 |
17 | Trigonella foenum & T. gracenum (Linn.) VENDHAYAM | Papilionaceae | Seed | Graecunnins A-G, trigofenosides, gitogenin, C- trigonelline, quercetin70 |
18 | Coccinia grandis (L.)
Voigt KOVAI |
Curcurbitaceae | Leaves, fruit, root | Lupeol, cucurbitacin, β-sitosterol, β-carotene, linoleic, oleic acids 71 |
19 | Aloe vera (L.), Burm.F
CHOTTU KATHALAI |
Liliaceae | Leaves | Aloesone, aloesin, barbaloin, glycoside,
β - barbaloin, iso-emodin72 |
20 | Alpinia officinarum (SW) PERARATHAI | Zingiberaceae | Rhizome | Methyl cinnamate, cineol,
caryophyllene I,II 73. |
22 | Embelia Ribbes, Burm. F
VAIVILANGAM |
Myrsinaceae | Fruit, seed | Embelin, quercitol, vilangin,christembine74 |
23 | Ocimum sanctum (Linn.) Oemeri canum (L.) NALLA THULASI | Lamiaceae | Leaves | Stigmasterol, volatile oil,
caryophyllene75 |
24 | Medicago sativa
KUTHIVAI MAZAL |
Lequminaceae | Leaves | Saponins, phytosterols, vitamins, coumarins 76 |
25 | Ougenia oojeinensis (Roxb.) NARIVENGAIAM | Papilionaceae | Bark | Lupeol, betulin, homoferreirin,
ougenin77 |
27 | Sesbania grandiflora (Poir.) AGATI | Papilionaceae | Leaves, flower, root | Oleanolic acid,
Glucuronic acid78 |
28 | Pterocarpus marsupium (Roxb.) VENGAI | Papilionaceae | Leaves, stem | Liquiritigenin, garbauzol,
Glucosides, aurane79 |
29 | Achyranthes aspera, (Linn.) NAIYURUVI | Amaranthaceae | Leaves | Oleanolic acid, ecdysone, ecdysterone, achyranthine 80 |
31 | Linum usitatissimum (Linn.)
ALISI VIRAI |
Linaceae | Seed | Phenylpropanoid, glucoside,
Linnsitamarin, linseed oil 81 |
33 | Capparis dedicua, Forsk, Edgew
SENGAM |
Capparaceae | Fruit, bark | Capparine, capparilline,
n-petacosane, β – sitosterol82 |
34 | Aconitum
heterophyllum (Wall) ADHIVIDAIYAM |
Renanculaceae | Leaves, stem | 3-0- b-D- glucopyranoside 7 - 0
β- D- glucopyranosyl- (1 ® 3), quercetin 3 - 0 - β-D glucopyrnoside - 7 - 0- (6E - Cafferyl)β-D (1®3) 83 |
35 | Dalbergia latifolia (Roxb.) ITTI | Papilionaceae | Bark | Methyl dalbergin , rotenoid, dalbinol 84 |
37 | Hibiscus Cannabinus (Linn.) PULICHHAI | Malvaceae | Leaves, seed | Isoquercitrin, cannabiscitrin, myricetin, phosphonolipids 85 |
38 | Eclipta prostrata (L.) Mant KARISALAI | Asteraceae | Whole plant | Terthienyl aldehyde ecliptal, nicotine, triterpenoid 86 |
39 | Moringa oleifera (Lam) KAATU MURANGAI | Moringaceae | Leaves, flower | Quercetin,3-Rhamnoglucoside,
kaempferol 87 |
40 | Elaeocarpus sphaericus NATTU RUTHRATCHAM | Elaeocarpaceae | Fruit, leaves | (-) - Isoleae, carpilline,
rudrakine, fixed oil 88 |
41 | Momordica charantia (Linn.)
REVAKAI |
Cucurbitaceae | Fruit, leaf | Acylglucosyl
sterols 89 |
43 | Nardostachys jatamansi (Dc)
JATAMANJI |
Valerianaceae | Rhizome | Jatamansone, sequitepene, angelicin, jatamansin 90 |
44 | Coriandrum sativum (Linn.)
KOTHAMALLI |
Apiaceae | Leaves, seed | Furoisocumarins, coriandrin, coriandrol, D-mannitol 91 |
45 | Syzygium cumini (L.), S. jambolanum (Lam) C NAVAL | Myrtaceae | Fruits, seed | Myrecetin - 3 - 0 glucoside, robinoside, isoquercetin, anthocyanins 92 |
46 | Nigella sativa (Linn.)
KARUNCHEERAGAM |
Ranunculaceae | Seed | Dithymoquinone, nigilline,
aarmacenine, transanetholic 93 |
47 | Semecarpus anacordium Linn.
SHENKOTTAI |
Anacardiaceae | Fruit | Bhilwanol, binaringenin,
semecarpetin, galluflavanone 94 |
48 | Acorus calamus Linn.
VASAMBU |
Araceae | Rhizome | Callaminone, isocalamendiol, asarone - 3, β-asarone 95 |
49 | Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers
ARUGAMPULLU |
Poaceae | Whole plant | Apigenin, luceolin, orientin,
vitexin96 |
50 | Sesbania grandiflora (L.) Poir
AGATI |
Papilionaceae | Leaves, flower | Oleanolic acid, galactose, glucuronic acid, cyanidin 3 – glucoside 97 |
51 | Luffa cylindrica (L.) M. Roem
L. aegyptiaca Mill. PIRKANKAI |
Cucurbitaceae | Tender fruits | Saponins lucyosides A, H,
cucurbitacin B 98 |
52 | Bauhinia purpureae (Linn.)
MANDARI |
Caesalpiniaceae | Flower | Tannin, isoquercitrin, quercitrin,
chalcone glycoside 99 |
55 | Scorpia dulcis (Linn.)
SARKARAI VEMBU |
Scrophulariaceae | Whole plant | Scoparic acid, scopadulciol,
amellin, root, mannitol 100 |
56 | Hibiscus sabdariffa (Linn.)
PULICHAI KEERAI |
Malvaceae | Leaves, seed | Citric acid, d - malic, hibiscus acid,
gossypetin, sabdaritrin 101 |
57 | Tribulus terrestris
NEERUNJIL |
Zygophyllaceae | Whole plant | Diosgenin, giogenin, chlorogenin, tribuloside 102 |
58 | Macrotyloma uniflorum
KOLLU |
Fabaceae | Seeds | Dolichin A
and B 103 |
59 | Mukia maderaspatana (Linn.)
MUSUMUSUKKAI |
Curcurbitaceae | Leaves,
Root |
Umbelliferone, xanthotoxol, isopimpinellin, scopoletin 104 |
60 | Aegle marmeolus, (Linn.) Corr
VILVAM |
Rutaceae | Whole plant | Psoralen, xanthotoxin,
Scopoletin, siummianine105 |
61 | Tragia involucrata Linn.
CHENTHATTI |
Euphorbiaceae | Root | Ethylbenzene, limonene,
tragia sapomine106 |
62 | Gymnema sylvestre (Retz)
P.Br.Ex. Schult SHIRUKURINJAN |
Apocynaceae | Leaves | Gymnemasins A. D, gymnimagenine, gymnemic acid, gypenosides II, Nonacosane 107, 108 |
63 | Spermacoce hispida (Linn.)
NATHAI CHURI |
Rubiaceae | Seed | Isorhamnetin109 |
64 | Ziziphus jujuba (L.) Gaertin
ILLANTHAI |
Rhamnaceae | Leaves | Jujuboside A, B, jubanine A, B,
rutin, ziziphin, stephanine, Vit C |
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Based on the Siddha literature and various review of the articles Table 6, Siddha medicinal plants have been proven as a beneficial role in the management of dyslipidemia. It is also observed that Madhumega Chooranam is very much effective in Type 2 diabetes with hyperlipidemia and Venthamarai Chooranam in hypertension with hyperlipidemia. It is evident that from the above-mentioned reviews, single herbal formulations have the same potency as that of the polyherbal formulations in controlling the hyperlipidaemic state.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT: Nil
CONFLICT OF INTEREST: Nil
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How to cite this article:
Manoharan A, Manjula M, Mubarak H and Babu CVC: Hypolipidaemic activity of the Siddha medicinal plants. Int J Pharmacognosy 2015; 2(4): 145-54. doi link: http://dx.doi.org/10.13040/IJPSR.0975-8232.IJP.2(4).145-54.
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Article Information
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145-54
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English
IJP
A. Manoharan*, M. Manjula , H. Mubarak and C. V. C. Babu
Department of Pothu Maruthuvam, Government Siddha Medical College, Palayamkottai, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India.
drmanoharan25@gmail.com
26 January 2015
21 March 2015
29 March 2015
10.13040/IJPSR.0975-8232.IJP.2(4).145-54
01 April 2015