QUALITY EVALUATION AND STANDARDIZATION OF AN AYURVEDIC ANTI-DIABETIC FORMULATION: MEHARI CHOORNA
HTML Full TextQUALITY EVALUATION AND STANDARDIZATION OF AN AYURVEDIC ANTI-DIABETIC FORMULATION: MEHARI CHOORNA
A. M. Kandalkar * 1 and N. S. Bhajipale 2
LSRG, Institute of Pharmacy 1, Kaulkhed, Akola - 444004, Maharashtra, India.
SGSPS, Institute of Pharmacy 2, Kaulkhed, Akola - 444004, Maharashtra, India.
ABSTRACT: To access the quality of drug the standardization is very critical. As per WHO guidelines, 80% of the peoples have relied on traditional medicine in a rising nation. Most of the conventional system is valuable but a lack of standardization. The parameters studied are physicochemical parameters, phytochemical parameters & qualitative chemical tests. These values will help to obtain the batch to batch variation in traditional preparation of Mehari Choorna which is used to treat diabetes mellitus. We calculated and discussed extractive values, moisture content and ash value. The scientific method for its quality and safety evaluation is not yet to be documented. Hence in the current work, an attempt has been made to evaluate the quality parameters to be used for its preparation and processing.
Keywords: |
Standardization, Extractive values, Mehari Choorna
INTRODUCTION: As per the recent estimates, more than 285 million people worldwide (6.6%) in the 20–79 year age group are suffered from diabetes and by 2030, 438 million people (7.8%) of the adult population, is expected to have diabetes. The largest increases will take place in the regions dominated by budding economiesm 1. In India, diabetes is a serious disease due to ridiculous food lifestyle. Most of the hypoglycemic agents used in allopathic practice to treat diabetes mellitus are reported to have side effects in long term use 2. Standardization is a vital issue for poly-herbal formulation in categorize to review the quality of the drugs based on the concentration of their active principles.
It is essential to establish a system of standardization for every herbal medicine in the market 3. WHO has also issued Guidelines for quality control methods for medicinal plant material in 1992 with an apparent purpose to endow with general test methods for correct botanical evaluation and identification of medicinal plants widely used in traditional and home remedies 4. World Health Organization (WHO) encourages, recommends and promotes traditional/ herbal remedies in natural health care programmers’ since these drugs are readily available at little cost, safe and people have confidence in them. The WHO assembly in some resolutions has emphasized the need to ensure quality control of medicinal plant products by using modern techniques and applying appropriate standards 5.
Anti-diabetic churna is polyherbal formulations consist of Jamun and 11 other ingredients in churna form it supposed to have multi-faceted action in all types of the diabetic condition including polyurea. Due to lack of modern Pharmacopoeial standard laid down and followed for processing of anti-diabetic churna using the traditional method the medicine prepared may not have wanted effect and batch to batch consistency; hence there is a need for standardization of anti-diabetic churna 6.
In the last few decades, there has been an exponential growth in the field of Ayurvedic medicine. There is huge call for standardization and quality control of Ayurvedic formulations. Standardization and quality control depends upon the nature of crude drug and compound drugs; it’s the source, i.e. factors associated with raw materials which are beyond of human control like seasonal, geographical, the age of the plant, time of collection, type of drying, etc. due to these natural conditions. The percentage of chemical constituents of the drug does not remain uniform as our expectation 7. In recent years, plant-derived products are increasingly being required out as medicinal products, nutraceuticals, and cosmetics and are available in health food shops and pharmacies over the counter as self-medication or also as drugs prescribed in the non-allopathic systems. 8
The present study revealed a scientific evaluation and standardization of polyherbal ayurvedic organoleptic characteristics, phytochemical investigation, Thin Layer Chromatography, and High-Pressure Thin Layer Chromatography. This study is useful for maintaining consistency and quality of formulation. These values should help to develop new pharmacopoeial standard to overcome batch to batch variation in the traditional preparation. Antidiabetic formulation followed by quality control tests. The physicochemical parameters,
Mehari Choorna: 9
FIG. 1: AYURVEDIC ANTIDIABETIC POWDER
Ingredients: Asansal, amalaki, kade chirayat, karali, khair sal, gulwel, jambhul beej, daru haladi manjishta, halad, methi, haritaki. Mehari Choorna was introduced by Arkashala in 1995 after conducting extensive research on Ayurvedic drugs described as antidiabetic.
Properties: When blood glucose level increases patient suffers from thirst, burning sensation, frequent urination, vertigo, constipation, etc. When such symptoms appear & diabetes is diagnosed ‘Mehari Choorna’ can be advised.
Indication:
Diabetes: Mehari Choorna can be used alone or as an adjunct to allopathic therapy. Regular use of Mehari Choorna helps to reduce the dose of hypoglycemic drugs.
Dosage: 1 to 2 Teaspoonfuls twice a day with warm water.
Presentation: Packs of 100 g, 500 g.
TABLE 1: LIST OF PLANT ARE USED IN MEHARI CHOORNA
S. no. | Plant
name |
Biological
name |
Part
used |
1 | Guduchi | Tinospora cardiofolia | Stem, leaves |
2 | Asana | Pterocarpus marsupium | Heartwood, leaves, and flowers |
3 | Amalaki | Emblica Officinalis | Fruits |
4 | Kiratatika | Swertia chirata | Leaves |
5 | Karavelleka | Momordica charantia | Fruits |
6 | Khadir | Acacia catechu | Extract of Heartwood |
7 | Jamunbeej | Syzygium aromaticum | Seeds |
8 | Daruharidra | Berberis ariastata | Root, stem, fruits |
9 | Manjishtha | Rubia cordifolia | Root, stem |
10 | Haridra | Curcuma longa | rhizome |
11 | Haritki | Terminalia chebula | Fruit, root, bark |
12 | Methi | Trigonellafoenum gracecum | Seed, leaves |
Problems which may Influence the Quality of Herbals: Herbal drugs are usually mixtures of several constituents. The active principles are in most cases mysterious. Selective analytical methods may not be available commercially. Plant materials are chemically & naturally variable. The method of harvesting, drying, storage, transportation & processing has an effect.
Need for Standardization: The modern system of medicines is based on sounds experimental data, toxicity studies & clinical studies. C-GMP for the herbal industry is not well defined nor are the barest minimum standards of medicinal plants product maintained. The lack of quantitative and qualitative standards has resulted in mild to serious adverse effect hanging from hepatoxicity, which may be life-threatening. Hence, herbal ingredients require tools for determination identity, purity & quantity of products.
MATERIALS AND METHOD:
Parameters Involved in the Standardization Process: 10, 11, 12
Study of Organoleptic Characters:
- Color
- Odor
- Taste
Determination of Physicochemical Parameters:
- Moisture content
- Total ash
- Acid-insoluble ash
- Water soluble ash
- Water-soluble extractive
- Alcohol soluble extractive
- Ether soluble extractive
Qualitative Chemical Test: Test for various secondary metabolites.
Evaluation of Churna:
- Bulk density
- Tap density
- Angle of repose
- Compressibility
- Hausner ratio
TABLE 2: THE SCALE OF FLOWABILITY:
S. no. | Flow Properties | Angle of Repose | Compressibility Index | Hausner Ratio |
1 | Excellent | 25-30 | <10 | 1.00-1.11 |
2 | Good | 31-35 | 11-15 | 1.12-1.18 |
3 | Fair | 36-40 | 16-20 | 1.19-1.25 |
4 | Possible | 41-45 | 21-25 | 1.26-1.34 |
5 | Poor | 45-46 | 26-31 | 1.35-1.145 |
6 | Very Poor | 55-56 | 32-37 | 1.46-1.59 |
7 | Very Very Poor | >66 | >38 | >1.6 |
Determination of pH:
Heavy Metal Test:
RESULTS:
TABLE 3: ORGANOLEPTIC CHARACTERS
Color | Yellowish |
Odor | Odorless |
Taste | Bitter |
Physicochemical Standards:
TABLE 4: ASH VALUE
S.
no. |
Type of
ash |
% of ash value
(S.E.M.) |
1 | Total Ash | 5.14 ± 0.014 |
2 | Acid-insoluble Ash | 3.12 ± 0.012 |
3 | Water-soluble Ash | 2.11 ± 0.015 |
TABLE 5: MOISTURE CONTENT/LOSS ON DRYING
S. no. | % loss on drying |
1 | 6.33 ± 0.116 |
TABLE 6: EXTRACTIVE VALUES
S.
no. |
Name of the
Solvent |
Extractive values (% w/w) |
1 | Water | 10.12 ± 0.016 |
2 | Alcohol | 5.3 ± 0.014 |
3 | Ether | 2 ± 0.013 |
TABLE 6: QUALITATIVE CHEMICAL TEST
S. no. | Chemical Constituent | Alcoholic Extract |
1 | Alkaloids | + |
2 | Glycosides | + |
3 | Tannins | + |
4 | Saponins | + |
5 | Plant Steroids | + |
Determination of Physical Characteristics of Powder:
TABLE 7: BULK DENSITY & TAP DENSITY
S.
no. |
Bulk Density
(S.E.M.) |
Tap Density
(S.E.M.) |
1. | 0.48±0.01 | 0.54±0.01 |
TABLE 8: CARR’S INDEX & HAUSNER RATIO
S.
no. |
Carr’s index
(S.E.M.) |
Hausner ratio
(S.E.M.) |
1 | 9.13 ± 0.05 | 1.1 ± 0.01 |
TABLE 9: THE ANGLE OF REPOSE
S. no. | Angle of repose |
1 | 28.3 ± 1.13 |
TABLE 10: DETERMINATION OF pH OF THE SAMPLE:
S. no. | pH (IN 1%) | pH (IN 10%) |
1. | 6 | 4.4 |
Heavy Metal Test:
TABLE 11: TEST FOR CADMIUM
Test | Observation | Result |
NH4OH added in the solution | No white precipitation | Absence of Cadmium |
Potassium ferrocyanide added | No white precipitation | Absence of Cadmium |
TABLE 12: TEST FOR BISMUTH
Test | Observation | Result |
H2S gas added in the sample solution | Dark brown precipitation absent | Absence of bismuth |
NH4OH added in the sample solution | No white precipitation | Absence of bismuth |
TABLE 13: TEST FOR LEAD
Test | Observation | Result |
Dil. HCl added in the sample solution | No white precipitation | Absence of lead |
KI is added in the sample solution | No Yellow precipitation | Absence of lead |
DISCUSSION: Ayurvedic medicine Mehari Choorna has been standardized by the intervention of scientific quality Control measures in the traditional preparation describe in established texts. All the parameters revealed their significance where total ash value is indicative of the total amount of inorganic material after complete incineration & acid insoluble ash is indicative of silicate impurities which may be the result of improper washing of raw material. The loss on drying value obtained indicates the amount of moisture content in the drug may lead to enzymatic action which deteriorates the final product. The extractive value indicates the amount of drug soluble in a particular solvent. Purity and potency of the material and formulations following the procedure given could be performed in quality control or quality assurance laboratory of the pharmaceutical house.
CONCLUSION: Present study revealed various standardization parameters such as physic-chemical standards like total ash, insoluble acid ash, water, alcohol, qualitative chemical test, powder flow analysis were carried out. It can be concluded that it passes all the standardization parameters. The efficacy of the drug can be judged only by pharmacological activity. The study shows that contents of formulation present within the permissible limits as per WHO, all these investigations of Mehari Choorna are not specified in the standard literature like Pharmacopoeia which could be helpful in the authentication of the Mehari Choorna. The result of the present study will also serve as reference monograph in the preparation of drug formulations.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT: Authors are very much thankful to the SGSPS, College Of Pharmacy, for providing necessary facilities for completion of research work.
CONFLICT OF INTEREST: Nil
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How to cite this article:
Kandalkar AM and Bhajipale NS: Quality evaluation and standardization of an Ayurvedic anti-diabetic formulation: Mehari Choorna. Int J Pharmacognosy 2016; 3(3): 156-60. doi link: http://dx.doi.org/10.13040/IJPSR.0975-8232.IJP.3(3).156-60.
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